Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

A patient can wash their face and arms but cannot reach their back and feet. What is the best approach?

1. ALet the patient do what they can and help with the rest
2. BLeave the back and feet unwashed
3. CAsk the patient to wait until a relative visits
4. DWash the patient completely yourself to save time and effort

Seorang pasien lansia memiliki memar yang tidak dapat dijelaskan dengan usia berbeda-beda, dan pengasuhnya selalu menjawab pertanyaan untuknya. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMengabaikannya, karena lansia mudah memar dan pengasuhnya tampak perhatian
2. BMembahasnya hanya dengan tetangga pasien
3. CMendokumentasikan temuan dan mengikuti prosedur perlindungan (safeguarding) setempat
4. DMengonfrontasi pengasuh dan menuduhnya melakukan kekerasan

Tindakan keselamatan pasien mana yang paling tepat untuk pasien dengan alergi lateks?

1. AMenghindari semua sarung tangan selama perawatan pasien
2. BMenggunakan peralatan bebas lateks dan mendokumentasikan alergi dengan jelas
3. CMenggunakan sarung tangan lateks dan mencuci tangan dengan baik sesudahnya
4. DHanya menggunakan sarung tangan lateks berbedak

A patient weighs 180 kg and needs to be moved from bed to chair. The standard ceiling lift on the unit has a lower weight limit. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk the patient to stand and pivot without help
2. BHave two staff lift the patient by hand
3. CUse the standard lift, because limits include a safety margin
4. DUse bariatric-rated equipment and enough trained staff

A patient with asthma uses a peak flow meter. A reading below 50% of personal best is in the red zone. Which statement shows correct understanding?

1. A“I will use my reliever inhaler and get emergency help straight away.”
2. B“I will stop all my inhalers until the reading is back up.”
3. C“I will wait until tomorrow morning to see if the reading gets better on its own.”
4. D“I will go for a short run to open up my lungs.”

A patient with septic shock remains hypotensive, with a mean arterial pressure of 58 mmHg, after adequate IV fluids. What should the nurse anticipate?

1. AAn oral fluid challenge with a sports drink
2. BA loop diuretic to remove the extra fluid that has been given
3. CA vasopressor, such as norepinephrine, to raise the pressure
4. DA beta-blocker to slow the heart rate

Which of these is a non-drug measure that can help relieve pain?

1. ARestricting visitors completely
2. BKeeping the patient awake all night
3. CRepositioning and distraction
4. DTelling the patient that the pain is not real

Why is hypokalaemia particularly dangerous in a patient taking digoxin?

1. ALow potassium makes digoxin work too slowly
2. BDigoxin raises potassium to dangerous levels when it is already low
3. CLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
4. DLow potassium stops digoxin from being absorbed

A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum has vomited for 3 days. Which urine finding would the nurse expect?

1. ARed cell casts
2. BNitrites
3. CBilirubin
4. DKetones

A young adult has fatigue, bruising and fever. The white cell count is 85 × 10³/µL with many blasts, the hemoglobin is 7,9 g/dL (79 g/L) and the platelets are 22 × 10³/µL. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. AAcute leukemia
2. BPolycythemia vera
3. CIron-deficiency anemia
4. DAcute viral infection

Which assessments are most important during a magnesium sulfate infusion?

1. ADeep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate and urine output
2. BTemperature and skin colour only
3. CBowel sounds and appetite
4. DBlood glucose, pupil size and pupil reaction to light

Lithium taken in the first trimester of pregnancy has been linked to which type of birth defect?

1. AHeart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly
2. BNeural tube defects such as spina bifida
3. CLimb defects similar to thalidomide
4. DCleft lip and palate only

How does ezetimibe lower cholesterol?

1. AIt blocks cholesterol production by enzymes in the liver
2. BIt increases cholesterol loss in the urine
3. CIt reduces absorption of cholesterol from the gut
4. DIt dissolves plaques already in the arteries

After a pneumonectomy, how is the patient usually positioned?

1. AOn the back or the operated side, not fully on the remaining lung
2. BFully on the non-operated side, to help drain the empty space
3. CHead down with the legs raised, to drain secretions from the lung
4. DFlat and prone for the whole of the first day after surgery

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt moves potassium into the cells
2. BIt binds potassium in the gut
3. CIt protects the heart from arrhythmias
4. DIt removes potassium through the kidneys

An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?

1. AGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
2. BStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
3. CTreat the confusion with a sedative
4. DEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture

Which diet is usually recommended for a patient with cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy?

1. ANo food at all until the confusion settles
2. BOnly clear fluids for several weeks
3. CA very low-protein diet for the rest of their life to lower ammonia
4. DNormal protein and enough calories, with a late-evening snack

After several days of a tight CPAP mask, a patient has a red, broken area on the bridge of the nose. What is this, and what should the nurse do?

1. AAn allergic rash; stop the CPAP for good and give oral antihistamines
2. BA normal mark; take no action until it heals
3. CA device-related pressure injury; protect skin and refit the mask
4. DA burn from the oxygen; apply ice to the area

A woman in preterm labour receives nifedipine. Which side effect should the nurse watch for?

1. ALow blood pressure and headache
2. BRespiratory depression and absent reflexes
3. CBradycardia and bronchospasm
4. DHigh blood glucose and tremor

Which statement by a woman in early labour shows a need for further teaching about pain relief?

1. A"A warm bath or shower may ease the pain."
2. B"Breathing slowly and focusing can help between contractions."
3. C"Changing position often and walking can help me cope."
4. D"If I have an epidural, I will not need my blood pressure checked."

Cara mana yang paling akurat untuk memantau status cairan pada bayi dengan gastroenteritis?

1. AMengukur lingkar kepala
2. BBerat badan harian pada timbangan yang sama, bersama dengan penghitungan popok basah
3. CMemeriksa tekstur rambut
4. DMenanyakan kepada orang tua setiap hari apakah anak tampak haus atau lelah

A child with eczema suddenly develops clusters of painful, punched-out blisters and erosions with a fever. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the emollient
2. BChickenpox, which is mild and needs no specific treatment
3. CEczema herpeticum, which needs urgent antiviral treatment
4. DA normal eczema flare that needs more emollient

Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine sedation. Why is it used with caution in patients who take benzodiazepines long-term?

1. AIt makes the benzodiazepine effect much stronger
2. BIt causes permanent memory loss after a single dose
3. CIt can cause sudden withdrawal and seizures
4. DIt causes a dangerous rise in blood sugar

The parents of a young man with schizophrenia often criticise him for being "lazy". He has relapsed twice this year. Which intervention is most helpful?

1. AAdvise the parents to stop all contact with their son
2. BDischarge him to live alone in a flat, without any support from his family or the team
3. CTell the parents that they caused his illness
4. DFamily psychoeducation and help to communicate with less criticism

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Suhu seorang pasien adalah 40,9 °C. Konversikan ke derajat Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Hasil glukosa darah adalah 22,9 mmol/L. Dengan 1 mmol/L = 18 mg/dL untuk glukosa, cari c dalam mg/dL ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Seorang anak dengan berat 7 kg diresepkan 10 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 50 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 24 kg diresepkan 12,5 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 100 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 6 jam dengan set 15 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Sebuah kantong berisi 4 g obat dalam 500 mL. Resepnya 4 mg per menit. Pada laju berapa R Anda mengatur pompa, dalam mL/h?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih). Hitung serpihan es setengah volumenya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus 1000 mL dimulai pada pukul 08:00 dengan laju 150 mL/h. Setelah 3 jam lajunya diubah menjadi 100 mL/h dan tidak diubah lagi. Berapa jam t setelah dimulai kantong akan kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: ya; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 20/menit, SpO₂ 96% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 118/70 mmHg, nadi 38/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 37,7 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi