Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Which approach suits teaching an older adult with poor eyesight and mild memory problems?

1. AA detailed leaflet in small print for them to read later at home
2. BTeaching only the family and not the patient
3. COne long session with all the information at once
4. DShort sessions, large-print materials and repeating key points

A patient reports pain of 8/10 but is chatting calmly and has normal vital signs. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold analgesia until the vital signs change
2. BAccept the report, assess further and offer analgesia
3. CTell the patient they cannot be in that much pain
4. DRecord a lower score because the patient looks comfortable and calm

How should a nurse handle soiled bed linen?

1. APut it on the floor until the bed is made
2. BShake it out first to check for lost items
3. CCarry it bundled against the body to the soiled utility room down the hall
4. DHold it away from the uniform and place it straight into a linen bag

A hospital will introduce new infusion pumps and wants to find out how the process could fail before any harm occurs. Which method fits best?

1. ARoot cause analysis (RCA) of the new pumps
2. BAn incident report for each new pump
3. CFailure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
4. DA morbidity and mortality meeting

A patient taking lithium has vomiting, diarrhea and a new coarse tremor. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage the patient to cut down on salt and fluids
2. BGive the dose with food to reduce the stomach upset
3. CHold the next dose and report for an urgent lithium level
4. DReassure the patient that a coarse tremor is expected at first

A dehydrated child is to receive IV fluids with added potassium. Which finding should the nurse confirm first?

1. AThat the child can walk without help
2. BThat the child’s temperature is normal
3. CThat the child is passing urine
4. DThat the child is hungry

Seorang pasien dengan kolonisasi MRSA dirawat inap. Kewaspadaan mana yang tepat?

1. AKewaspadaan airborne dengan masker respirator FFP3 untuk semua staf
2. BIsolasi di ruang bertekanan negatif selama enam bulan
3. CKewaspadaan kontak dengan sarung tangan, celemek, dan kebersihan tangan yang baik
4. DTidak perlu kewaspadaan untuk kolonisasi

A patient with a small leg wound has severe pain out of proportion to the skin changes, rapidly spreading redness and signs of sepsis. What should be suspected?

1. ASimple cellulitis that will settle with oral antibiotics
2. BAn allergic reaction to the dressing
3. CA superficial bruise
4. DNecrotising fasciitis

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. AMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high
2. BSalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
3. CSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
4. DSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water

Seorang pasien tanpa masalah ginjal dan dengan EKG normal memiliki kalium 6,2 mEq/L. Laboratorium berkomentar bahwa sampel mengalami hemolisis. Interpretasi mana yang terbaik?

1. AKalium pasti normal dan tidak memerlukan tindak lanjut
2. BPasien mengalami gagal ginjal
3. CSegera terapi dengan insulin dan glukosa tanpa pemeriksaan lebih lanjut
4. DHasil mungkin terlalu tinggi secara palsu; kaji pasien dan atur sampel ulang

A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?

1. ATake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
2. BTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees
3. CDouble the dose to build tolerance faster
4. DTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster

Gentamisin dikombinasikan dengan furosemid intravena dosis tinggi. Risiko mana yang terutama meningkat?

1. AGagal hati
2. BPerdarahan
3. CKerusakan pendengaran
4. DHipoglikemia

Seorang pasien yang mengonsumsi warfarin mulai makan salad bayam dan kale dalam jumlah besar setiap hari. Apa kekhawatiran utamanya?

1. ASayuran hijau merusak hati pada pengguna warfarin
2. BVitamin K tambahan dapat menurunkan INR
3. CVitamin K tambahan dapat meningkatkan INR
4. DTidak ada interaksi antara makanan dan warfarin

Seorang pasien eksaserbasi akut PPOK yang meretensi CO₂ diresepkan bronkodilator nebulisasi. Bagaimana nebulizer biasanya digerakkan?

1. ADengan udara terkompresi, ditambah oksigen terkontrol melalui kanula hidung
2. BDengan oksigen 6–8 L/menit tanpa pemantauan saturasi
3. CDengan oksigen 15 L/menit selama mungkin
4. DTanpa aliran gas, dengan meminta pasien bernapas dalam

Setelah operasi hipofisis, seorang pasien mengeluarkan 400 mL urine per jam selama tiga jam dengan berat jenis rendah. Apa yang harus dicurigai perawat?

1. ADiuresis normal
2. BDiabetes insipidus
3. CCedera ginjal akut
4. DSIADH

The nurse has four neurology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with multiple sclerosis who is tired after physiotherapy
2. BA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in one hour
3. CA patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome whose vital capacity is falling
4. DA patient with a headache after a lumbar puncture this morning

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AGiving a sleeping tablet every night
2. BMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
3. CKeeping the room dark during the day
4. DMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom

A nurse teaches a patient with GORD. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Peppermint tea after dinner will settle my reflux."
2. B"I'll keep a diary of foods that trigger my symptoms."
3. C"I'll try to lose some weight over the next months."
4. D"I'll stop smoking because it makes reflux worse."

Which finding is a contraindication to a fetal scalp electrode?

1. AA cephalic presentation
2. BMaternal HIV infection
3. CCervical dilation of 4 cm
4. DMembranes that have ruptured

A nurse teaches a first-time mother about exclusive breastfeeding. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I should feed my baby whenever she shows hunger cues."
2. B"My milk supply increases the more often she feeds."
3. C"On hot days I should give my baby extra water between feeds."
4. D"Wet nappies help me check that she is getting enough."

A child receiving chemotherapy has painful mouth ulcers (mucositis). Which mouth care is best?

1. AA hard toothbrush and lemon–glycerine swabs to clean the ulcers
2. BMouthwash containing alcohol several times a day
3. CA soft toothbrush or sponge, bland rinses and soft, cool foods
4. DSpicy and acidic foods to stimulate saliva flow

Two healthcare rescuers are giving CPR to an infant. Which compression technique is recommended?

1. ACompressions with one finger over the upper sternum
2. BThe two-thumb technique with the hands encircling the chest
3. CBoth hands interlocked over the centre of the chest, with arms straight
4. DBoth hands placed one on top of the other over the upper abdomen

A child repeatedly eats paint flakes, soil and paper for more than a month. What is this called, and what is a key risk?

1. AAnorexia; dangerously low body weight and bradycardia
2. BARFID; the risk of choking on food
3. CPica; poisoning such as lead toxicity, or bowel obstruction
4. DBulimia; severe hypokalaemia from vomiting

Seorang pasien yang telah mengonsumsi klozapin selama setahun berhenti merokok. Mengapa ini penting?

1. AKlozapin berhenti bekerja sepenuhnya
2. BTidak penting sama sekali
3. CKadar klozapin turun tajam, sehingga dosis biasanya harus digandakan untuk mencegah kekambuhan psikotik
4. DKadar klozapin dapat naik, meningkatkan risiko efek samping seperti sedasi dan kejang

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Suhu seorang pasien adalah 103,2 °F. Konversikan ke derajat Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus dimulai pada 17:00 dan selesai pada 04:30 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa menit t infus itu berjalan?

Diperlukan dosis 2000 mg dari larutan 20% (b/v). Volume berapa V yang mengandung dosis ini?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 28 kg diresepkan 10 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 120 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Infuskan 500 mL selama 8 jam dengan set 20 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Sebuah kantong berisi 100 mg obat dalam 100 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 10 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 150 mL/h. Pada pukul 19:30, 250 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: berpegangan pada perabot; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: mengetahui batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 23/menit, SpO₂ 96% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 130/78 mmHg, nadi 64/menit, tidak responsif, suhu 35,8 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi