Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

A patient with a leg injury is climbing stairs with crutches. Which leg should go up first?

1. ABoth legs together
2. BThe crutches always go first
3. CThe injured leg
4. DThe unaffected leg

Which statement about the use of physical restraint is correct?

1. AIt can be used whenever a patient is confused, without further assessment
2. BIt never needs to be documented if it is used only overnight
3. CIt is a last resort, uses the least restrictive option and needs regular checks
4. DIt is the best way to stop older patients from falling

Tindakan keselamatan pasien mana yang paling tepat untuk pasien dengan alergi lateks?

1. AMenghindari semua sarung tangan selama perawatan pasien
2. BMenggunakan peralatan bebas lateks dan mendokumentasikan alergi dengan jelas
3. CMenggunakan sarung tangan lateks dan mencuci tangan dengan baik sesudahnya
4. DHanya menggunakan sarung tangan lateks berbedak

A nurse has raised a safety concern about an order with the prescriber, who dismissed it without addressing it. What should the nurse do next?

1. ADiscuss the concern with the patient and let them decide
2. BState the concern clearly a second time and, if still unresolved, use the chain of command
3. CCarry out the order as written, because the prescriber has heard the concern
4. DRefuse to care for the patient for the rest of the shift until the prescriber apologizes

Seorang pasien yang baru diberi tahu menderita kanker menangis, tetapi juga muntah beberapa kali dan tidak dapat menahan cairan. Apa yang ditangani perawat lebih dulu?

1. AMuntah dan kehilangan cairan
2. BEdukasi tentang kemoterapi
3. CDukungan emosional tentang diagnosis
4. DMenghubungi rohaniwan rumah sakit

A patient with severe sepsis starts oozing blood from IV sites and the gums, and bruises appear on the skin. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal bruising from blood tests
2. BDisseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
3. CAn allergic reaction to the adhesive tape
4. DVitamin C deficiency

A confused patient keeps trying to climb out of bed. Why are bed rails not automatically the answer?

1. APatients can be seriously injured climbing over or becoming trapped in rails
2. BBed rails are illegal in all hospitals and must never be used at all
3. CBed rails always make patients more confused, but only during the day
4. DBed rails stop staff from taking observations

Why are patients with nephrotic syndrome at increased risk of blood clots?

1. AThey lose all their red cells in the urine, which thickens the remaining blood
2. BThey lose most of their platelets in the urine every day
3. CAnticoagulant proteins are lost in the urine and clotting factors rise
4. DTheir blood pressure is always very low

A stool test for Clostridioides difficile is ordered. Which sample is appropriate?

1. AAn unformed (liquid or soft) stool
2. BA formed, hard stool sample
3. CA rectal swab from a patient with constipation
4. DAny stool after a laxative dose

The nurse teaches a patient with severe neutropenia after chemotherapy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll wash my hands before eating and after the toilet"
2. B"I'll call the clinic if my temperature rises"
3. C"I'll check my temperature rectally to be accurate"
4. D"I'll avoid people who have a cold or the flu"

A prescriber gives a verbal medication order in an emergency. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk another nurse to remember the order
2. BRemember it and write it in the chart at the end of the shift
3. CGive the drug without recording the order
4. DWrite it down and read it back to the prescriber to confirm

A patient with asthma starts timolol eye drops for glaucoma and soon becomes wheezy. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ATimolol activates histamine receptors in the lungs
2. BThe eye drops contain an allergen that causes hay fever and asthma
3. CThe wheeze is unrelated to the eye drops
4. DTimolol is absorbed and blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways

A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?

1. AMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
2. BAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
3. CAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
4. DDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. AFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
2. BDo extra exercise to open the airways
3. CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
4. DWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AExpect an orange tint to tears and urine
2. BReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
3. CDouble the dose if a seizure happens
4. DTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption

A patient with gastroparesis has hypos soon after their meal-time insulin, then high glucose several hours later. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe meter gives false results for several hours after every meal
2. BThe insulin has gone off and needs replacing
3. CThe patient is secretly eating sweets between meals
4. DFood is absorbed slowly, so the insulin peaks before the glucose rises

Which advice helps a person with diabetes prevent foot ulcers?

1. ACheck the feet every day and never walk barefoot
2. BCut corns off at home with a sharp blade
3. CWear tight shoes to support the ankles
4. DSoak the feet in very hot water every evening

A nurse finds a dislodged sealed radiation source in the bed of a patient receiving brachytherapy. What should the nurse do?

1. ALeave it in the bed until the end of the shift
2. BPick it up with gloved hands and put it in the nearest sharps bin quickly
3. CThrow it in the clinical waste bag
4. DUse long-handled forceps to put it in the lead container; report it

Low-dose aspirin may be prescribed from early pregnancy to a woman with a high risk of:

1. APlacenta praevia
2. BGestational diabetes
3. CPre-eclampsia
4. DHyperemesis gravidarum

A woman has a painful, red breast with a fluctuant swelling that has not improved after antibiotics. What should be suspected?

1. AA blocked duct needing only massage
2. BAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic
3. CNormal engorgement
4. DA breast abscess needing drainage

Seorang anak dengan distres pernapasan menjadi bradikardia. Apa artinya?

1. AEfek samping terapi oksigen
2. BTanda hipoksia berat dan kemungkinan henti jantung yang akan segera terjadi
3. CAnak sedang pulih dan menjadi tenang
4. DRespons normal terhadap tidur

Seorang anak dengan fibrosis kistik memiliki feses besar, berminyak, dan berbau busuk serta berat badannya tidak naik meskipun nafsu makannya baik. Apa yang paling mungkin ditunjukkan hal ini?

1. AAnak makan terlalu banyak lemak, sehingga semua lemak harus dihilangkan dari makanannya
2. BTemuan normal yang tidak memerlukan tindakan
3. CPenyerapan lemak yang buruk; dosis atau waktu pemberian enzim pankreas perlu ditinjau
4. DTanda bahwa paru-parunya membaik

Which information is essential when documenting the use of physical restraint?

1. AThe reason for it, alternatives tried, start and end times, and the observations made
2. BThe full names of the other patients who saw the incident
3. COnly the time the restraint started and the name of the nurse in charge of the shift
4. DThe nurse's personal opinion of the patient's character and attitude

A patient who was admitted after a serious suicide attempt says, "I'm angry they saved me. Next time I'll do it properly." What should the nurse do?

1. AChange the subject to something more positive, such as his family and his plans for after discharge
2. BReduce observation because he is talking openly about his feelings
3. CMaintain close observation, report the statement and reassess the risk with the team
4. DTell him that he should be grateful to be alive and think about how his family would feel

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang bayi baru lahir memiliki berat 5 lb 9 oz. Dengan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2,2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bulatkan ke dua tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah instruksi tertulis 4 mcg/kg/menit untuk pasien dengan berat badan 45 kg. Nyatakan laju dosis D dalam mg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua tempat desimal.

Seorang pasien berbobot 60 kg dan diresepkan 7,5 mg/kg sebagai dosis tunggal. Tentukan dosisnya D dalam mg.

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 14 kg diresepkan 10 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 200 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 2 jam dengan set 15 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

200 mg obat diencerkan dalam 100 mL dan diberikan dengan gravitasi melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Resepnya 80 mg per jam. Tentukan laju tetes R dalam tetes per menit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Berat badan pasien 60 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus 1000 mL dimulai pada pukul 11:00 dengan laju 125 mL/h. Setelah 3 jam lajunya diubah menjadi 200 mL/h dan tidak diubah lagi. Berapa jam t setelah dimulai kantong akan kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu jalan: berpegangan pada perabot; terapi IV atau saline lock: ya; cara berjalan: normal, tirah baring, atau kursi roda; status mental: mengetahui batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: kruk, tongkat, atau walker; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: terganggu; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Dengan batas 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sedang, dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tingkat risiko jatuhnya.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sedang
3. 3risiko tinggi