Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

In the UK SSKIN care bundle for pressure ulcer prevention, what does "K" stand for?

1. AKeep dry
2. BKeep moving
3. CKeep warm
4. DKeep clean

During medicines reconciliation, the patient says they take an anticoagulant at home, but it has not been prescribed in hospital. What should the nurse do?

1. AInform the prescriber so the omission can be reviewed
2. BTell the patient to stop it for good
3. CGive the patient's own supply without telling anyone
4. DIgnore it, as the hospital doctor knows best

An order reads “Give potassium chloride by IV push.” What should the nurse do?

1. AGive it slowly by IV push over two minutes while watching the cardiac monitor
2. BDilute it in a small syringe and push it
3. CGive half by IV push and the rest later
4. DNot give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push

Seorang pasien dengan dugaan pertusis harus tetap di bangsal bersama karena tidak ada ruang tunggal yang kosong. Pengaturan mana yang paling tepat sambil menghubungi petugas pengendalian infeksi?

1. AMenggunakan kewaspadaan udara dengan respirator N95 untuk semua orang
2. BTirai ditutup, jarak lebih dari 1 meter (3 kaki), masker untuk kontak dekat
3. CTidak menggunakan kewaspadaan apa pun sampai ruang tunggal tersedia
4. DMenempatkan pasien di samping pasien imunokompromais

A patient with schizophrenia says voices are telling him to hurt his roommate. What is the priority?

1. AIgnore the comment, because voices are part of his illness
2. BTell him the voices are not real and leave him alone
3. CAsk the roommate to stay in the room with him and help calm him down
4. DKeep everyone safe and tell the team, as the risk of harm is high

A patient with raised intracranial pressure is being nursed on the ward. Which position is best?

1. AHead down with the legs raised above the heart
2. BHead of the bed at about 30 degrees with the neck straight
3. CSitting forward with the chin on the chest
4. DFlat on the back with the head turned well over to one side

Which measure helps prevent delirium in older inpatients?

1. AReorientation, glasses and hearing aids in use, and good sleep and hydration
2. BKeeping the lights on all night
3. CRestricting fluids to avoid incontinence
4. DMoving the patient to a different bed each night to give them a change of scene

A patient going home with a leg cast is taught about cast care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I can push a knitting needle down the cast to scratch an itch."
2. B"I will keep my leg raised on pillows for the first few days."
3. C"I will keep the cast dry."
4. D"I will come back if my toes go numb or turn blue."

A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?

1. AA rise in blood glucose
2. BA fall in serum sodium
3. CA rise in serum potassium
4. DA fall in the white cell count

Setelah operasi, seorang pasien yang menerima cairan IV hipotonik dalam volume besar mengalami sakit kepala, mual, dan kebingungan. Hasil mana yang paling menjelaskan hal ini?

1. AKalsium 9,4 mg/dL (2,35 mmol/L)
2. BGlukosa 110 mg/dL (6,1 mmol/L)
3. CNatrium 126 mEq/L
4. DKalium 4,2 mEq/L

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a corticosteroid inhaler at the same time of day. Which order is usually taught?

1. AThe order does not matter and no waiting is needed
2. BUse the salbutamol first, wait a few minutes, then use the steroid
3. CUse the steroid first, then the salbutamol right after without any gap
4. DUse both in the same breath to save time

Suatu obat dengan waktu paruh pendek diberikan dengan interval dosis yang jauh lebih panjang daripada waktu paruhnya. Apa hasilnya pada keadaan tunak?

1. AKeadaan tunak tidak pernah tercapai
2. BAkumulasi bertahap hingga kadar toksik
3. CKadar sangat stabil hampir tanpa fluktuasi
4. DFluktuasi besar antara kadar puncak dan kadar lembah

Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?

1. ATaking an oestrogen-containing pill
2. BImmobility after major surgery
3. CAn inherited clotting disorder
4. DDamage to a vein during hip surgery

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation
2. BThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
3. CThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient
4. DToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid
2. BThe kidneys are losing too much protein
3. CBacteria that convert nitrate are present
4. DThe urine has a lot of glucose in it

A man with chronic urinary retention is catheterised. Over the next hours he passes very large volumes of urine. What is the main nursing concern?

1. AA urinary infection caused by the high flow of urine
2. BRupture of the bladder from the catheter
3. CA rise in blood glucose from the urine
4. DFluid and electrolyte loss from post-obstructive diuresis

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
2. BA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
3. CA shallow wound into the dermis only
4. DFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle

Which new prescription for a patient with cirrhosis should the nurse question?

1. AThiamine supplements
2. BLactulose to keep the bowels open
3. CSpironolactone for ascites
4. DRegular ibuprofen for back pain

Seorang perempuan sedang hamil. Sebelumnya ia melahirkan bayi kembar pada usia kehamilan 35 minggu (keduanya hidup) dan mengalami keguguran pada usia 10 minggu. Berapa GTPAL-nya?

1. AG2 T0 P1 A1 L2
2. BG4 T0 P2 A1 L2
3. CG3 T0 P1 A1 L2
4. DG3 T1 P0 A1 L2

A newborn male has a urethral opening on the underside of the penis. What should the nurse tell the parents?

1. ACircumcision should wait for specialist review
2. BIt is a normal variation that needs no follow-up
3. CIt will correct itself by school age
4. DCircumcision should be done straight away

Mengapa kodein dan tramadol tidak direkomendasikan untuk anak di bawah 12 tahun?

1. AKeduanya terlalu lemah untuk meredakan nyeri sedang, sehingga opioid yang lebih kuat selalu lebih disukai
2. BKeduanya hanya dapat diberikan secara intravena
3. CSebagian anak memetabolismenya sangat cepat, menyebabkan depresi napas yang berbahaya
4. DKeduanya selalu menyebabkan alergi

A child has a swollen, red eyelid with fever, pain on moving the eye and blurred vision. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASimple conjunctivitis, treated with eye drops at home
2. BAn insect bite, which needs only a cold compress
3. COrbital cellulitis, which needs urgent review and IV antibiotics
4. DA stye, which will drain on its own with warm compresses

Which action reflects trauma-informed care?

1. AMaking all decisions for the patient so that she does not feel burdened
2. BUsing physical restraint early to prevent any loss of control
3. CExplaining each procedure in advance and offering choices wherever possible
4. DAsking the patient to repeat the full trauma story to each new staff member

A 6-month-old has a spiral fracture of the arm. The parents say he "rolled off the sofa". The nurse also notices bruises of different colours on his back. What is the most appropriate action?

1. ADischarge the child quickly so that the parents do not become angry and stop bringing him for medical care
2. BAccept the parents' explanation, because babies often fall
3. CReport the concerns through child protection procedures and ensure the child's safety
4. DTell the parents that the nurse knows they are abusing the child

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien memiliki tinggi 176 cm. Dengan 1 in = 2,54 cm, cari tinggi h dalam inci. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah resep tertulis 2 tsp suspensi oral tiga kali sehari selama 7 hari. Dengan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa mL V yang dibutuhkan untuk seluruh pengobatan?

Seorang pasien dengan berat 75 kg memiliki luas permukaan tubuh 1,7 m². Resepnya 135 mg/m². Tentukan dosis D dalam mg.

Anda harus menyiapkan 250 mL larutan 2,5% (b/v) dari larutan stok 25% (b/v). Berapa volume stok V₁ yang Anda perlukan?

1500 mL diresepkan selama 12 jam. Setelah 5 jam Anda mendapati masih ada 940 mL di kantong, dan infus tetap harus selesai tepat waktu. Ke laju berapa R dalam mL/h pompa harus diatur ulang?

Infus menetes dengan laju 25 tts/menit melalui set 60 tts/mL. Tersisa 400 mL di kantong. Berapa jam t lagi hingga kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari total asupan I dalam mL. Hitung serpihan es setengah volumenya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dimulai pada pukul 09:30 dan dijalankan dengan pompa pada 50 mL/h. Berapa mL V yang tersisa di kantong pada pukul 16:30?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu jalan: kruk, tongkat, atau walker; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: terganggu; status mental: mengetahui batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 10/menit, SpO₂ 97% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 142/86 mmHg, nadi 82/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 37,4 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi