Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

A patient's hearing aid keeps whistling. What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe battery is completely flat
2. BThe patient's hearing has improved
3. CIt is not fitted properly in the ear
4. DThe volume is turned right down

Seorang pasien diabetes ditemukan tidak responsif dengan glukosa darah sangat rendah dan tidak dapat menelan. Apa pendekatan yang benar?

1. ABerikan dosis insulin pasien yang biasa
2. BTuangkan jus manis ke dalam mulut pasien
3. CPanggil bantuan dan berikan glukosa melalui rute lain, seperti glukosa IV atau glukagon IM, sesuai protokol
4. DTunggu pasien bangun lalu berikan makanan

A patient on contact precautions must be taken to another department for a test. What is correct?

1. AHave the patient wear an N95 respirator during transport
2. BPut the patient in a separate elevator with the doors open
3. CCancel the test until the precautions are no longer needed, however urgent it is
4. DCover wounds, give the patient a clean gown and tell the receiving department

A patient rescued from a house fire has a headache and confusion, but the pulse oximeter reads 99%. Why might this reading be misleading?

1. APulse oximeters always read falsely low after any kind of smoke exposure
2. BThe reading is accurate, so carbon monoxide poisoning is ruled out
3. CPulse oximetry cannot tell carbon monoxide-bound hemoglobin from oxygen-bound hemoglobin
4. DConfusion and headache make pulse oximetry readings inaccurate in every patient

Pada triase START, seorang dewasa yang tidak dapat berjalan bernapas 36 kali per menit. Kategori mana yang diberikan kepada korban?

1. AHijau (ringan)
2. BHitam (ekspektan)
3. CKuning (tertunda)
4. DMerah (segera)

A team has an RN, an LPN/LVN and a nursing assistant. Which task is the best one to assign to the LPN/LVN?

1. AAssessing a patient who returned from surgery 30 minutes ago
2. BWriting the discharge teaching plan for a patient with new diabetes
3. CMeasuring the vital signs and weights of every patient on the unit before breakfast
4. DGiving a scheduled subcutaneous anticoagulant injection to a stable patient

Why must a patient with a new coronary stent not stop their antiplatelet medicines without specialist advice?

1. AStopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
2. BThe stent will dissolve if the drugs are stopped before the course ends
3. CStopping causes severe low blood pressure
4. DStopping causes immediate kidney failure

Why must a unit of red cells be transfused within the set time limit (commonly four hours) after it leaves controlled cold storage?

1. AThe blood group of the cells changes after a few hours
2. BThe red cells break down and turn into plasma
3. CBacteria can grow in the blood at room temperature
4. DThe bag stops dripping after four hours

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. ARanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside
2. BReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
3. CAny result outside the range always means disease is present
4. DReference ranges include every healthy person without exception

A patient's low calcium does not improve despite several days of calcium replacement. Which other electrolyte should be checked and corrected?

1. AChloride
2. BSodium
3. CMagnesium
4. DBicarbonate

Digoxin 0,25 mg is ordered. The tablets available are 0,125 mg. How many tablets should be given?

1. A0,5 tablet
2. B2 tablets
3. C1 tablet
4. D4 tablets

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3,1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. APotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
2. BInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
3. CInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
4. DLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed

Rheumatic heart disease most often follows which infection?

1. AStaphylococcal infection of the skin
2. BA group A streptococcal throat infection
3. CA fungal infection of the lungs
4. DA viral infection of the upper airway

A day after a myocardial infarction, a patient has frequent ventricular ectopic beats on the monitor. Which blood results should be checked first?

1. AAlbumin and bilirubin
2. BPotassium and magnesium
3. CAmylase and lipase
4. DFerritin and vitamin B₁₂

How do DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin work?

1. AThey block glucose reabsorption in the kidney
2. BThey replace insulin that the pancreas cannot make
3. CThey prolong the action of gut incretin hormones
4. DThey stop the gut from absorbing fat

The nurse has four neurology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome whose vital capacity is falling
2. BA patient with a headache after a lumbar puncture this morning
3. CA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in one hour
4. DA patient with multiple sclerosis who is tired after physiotherapy

When is cold therapy most useful for pain?

1. ASoon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
2. BOver numb areas where sensation is lost
3. CFor long-term muscle stiffness, applied continuously for several hours
4. DDirectly on skin with poor circulation

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo prevent hair loss during treatment
2. BTo treat the patient's anaemia only
3. CTo increase the anticancer effect on the tumour
4. DTo rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity

Fundus teraba lembek, berada di atas pusat, dan bergeser ke kanan. Apa penyebab yang paling mungkin?

1. ARobekan pada perineum
2. BTemuan normal pada hari ke-1
3. CKandung kemih penuh
4. DSisa jaringan plasenta di sisi kiri

A woman has a postpartum haemorrhage. Which nursing action should be done first while help is coming?

1. AGive the baby a bath to free the mother's time
2. BDocument the estimated blood loss in the notes
3. CMassage the fundus and look for the source
4. DWeigh the used pads and record the total

Seorang anak dengan alergi telur yang diketahui dijadwalkan vaksin influenza. Pernyataan mana yang mencerminkan pedoman terkini?

1. AVaksin tidak boleh diberikan kepada siapa pun yang alergi telur
2. BAlergi telur saja umumnya tidak lagi menjadi alasan untuk menahan vaksinasi influenza
3. CAnak harus menerima setengah dosis pada dua hari terpisah, dengan observasi setelah masing-masing
4. DAnak perlu menjalani uji kulit dengan vaksin terlebih dahulu

A 6-month-old has just learned to roll over. Which safety advice is most urgent now?

1. AInstall locks on all kitchen cupboards and drawers
2. BNever leave her alone on a changing table, bed or sofa
3. CTurn pan handles towards the back of the stove and fit a guard around the cooker
4. DTeach her not to touch the hot oven door

A patient says, "Nobody at work likes me." Which nurse response best reflects cognitive restructuring?

1. A"I'm sure everybody likes you."
2. B"You should find a new job where people like you."
3. C"What evidence do you have that nobody likes you?"
4. D"Why do you care what people at work think?"

A nurse realises she has given a patient another patient's olanzapine dose. What should she do first?

1. ASay nothing, because one dose will not cause harm
2. BGive the patient his own prescribed medicine as well, to stay on schedule
3. CFill in an incident report before checking the patient
4. DAssess the patient, including his vital signs and level of sedation

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Perhitungan dosis untuk suatu suntikan menghasilkan 1,8407 mL. Aturan dalam latihan ini adalah volume 1 mL atau lebih dibulatkan ke persepuluhan mL terdekat. Nilai x berapa yang Anda catat?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus dimulai pada 23:30 dan selesai pada 07:10 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa menit t infus itu berjalan?

Seorang pasien berbobot 15 kg. Dosis yang diresepkan 2 mg/kg per hari, diberikan dalam 2 dosis yang sama. Berapa miligram D yang diberikan per dosis?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 8 kg diresepkan 20 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 100 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

500 mL diresepkan selama 10 jam. Setelah 6 jam Anda mendapati masih ada 230 mL di kantong, dan infus tetap harus selesai tepat waktu. Ke laju berapa R dalam mL/h pompa harus diatur ulang?

Sebuah kantong berisi 400 mg obat dalam 500 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 8 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus 500 mL dimulai pada pukul 10:00 dengan laju 100 mL/h. Setelah 3 jam lajunya diubah menjadi 125 mL/h dan tidak diubah lagi. Berapa jam t setelah dimulai kantong akan kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu jalan: berpegangan pada perabot; terapi IV atau saline lock: ya; cara berjalan: terganggu; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Tim menargetkan tekanan arteri rata-rata minimal 70 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik seorang pasien adalah 110 mmHg. Dengan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, berapa tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberi MAP 70 mmHg?