Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Why does long-term immobility increase the risk of kidney stones?

1. ACalcium released from bone raises the calcium in the urine
2. BLying flat makes the kidneys produce extra uric acid
3. CThe kidneys stop producing urine during bed rest
4. DPatients on bed rest drink too much fluid

Which sign is usually a late sign of hypoxia?

1. AA rising heart rate
2. BRestlessness
3. CA rising respiratory rate
4. DCyanosis

A woman who is pregnant asks for the MMR vaccine because she is not immune to rubella. What is correct?

1. AMMR is only given to pregnant women who work in hospitals
2. BMMR is safe at any stage of pregnancy
3. CMMR is a live vaccine and is not given during pregnancy, but can be given after delivery
4. DMMR should be given as soon as possible in the first trimester to protect the baby

Seorang perawat yang bekerja dengan pasien dalam kewaspadaan kontak menyadari bahwa gaun robek di lengan baju. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMenutup robekan dengan potongan plester dan melanjutkan
2. BMenjauh dari pasien, melepas APD dengan aman di ambang pintu, membersihkan tangan, dan memakai gaun baru
3. CTerus bekerja, karena robekannya kecil dan hanya di lengan baju
4. DMemakai gaun kedua di atas gaun yang robek

Which patient with diabetes should the nurse see first?

1. AGlucose 210 mg/dL (11,7 mmol/L) after a large lunch, feels well
2. BGlucose 48 mg/dL (2,7 mmol/L), sweating and confused
3. CHbA1c result of 8,2%, asking about diet
4. DNeeds foot care teaching before discharge tomorrow

During JumpSTART triage, a child who cannot walk is breathing 50 times a minute. Which category is the child given?

1. ARed (immediate)
2. BYellow (delayed)
3. CGreen (minor)
4. DBlack (expectant)

A patient on haemodialysis has an arteriovenous fistula in the left arm. Which nursing care is correct?

1. AKeep the arm raised and still at all times
2. BUse the fistula arm for routine IV cannulas
3. CAvoid blood pressure readings and blood samples on that arm
4. DApply a tight bandage over the fistula at night to protect it

After a head injury, a patient has clear fluid leaking from the nose. What does this most likely suggest?

1. AAcute sinusitis
2. BA base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
3. CAllergic rhinitis triggered by the hospital environment
4. DA normal and harmless response to head trauma

Pada penyakit ginjal kronis, fosfat serum yang tinggi biasanya disertai perubahan kalsium yang mana?

1. ATidak ada perubahan kalsium
2. BKalsium serum rendah
3. CKalsium serum tinggi
4. DHanya kalium serum tinggi, tanpa perubahan kalsium

A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9,8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?

1. AGive iron and do no further tests at all
2. BStart vitamin B₁₂ injections
3. CRepeat the blood count in one year
4. DLook for a source of blood loss in the gut

During an infusion of a vesicant chemotherapy drug, the patient reports burning, and the site is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the infusion, leave the cannula in and follow the protocol
2. BFlush the line with a large volume of saline
3. CRemove the cannula at once and massage the area firmly
4. DIncrease the infusion rate to finish quickly

Seorang pria berusia 80 tahun dengan pembesaran prostat mulai mengonsumsi oksibutinin untuk kandung kemih overaktif. Ia menjadi bingung dan tidak dapat berkemih. Apa penjelasan yang paling mungkin?

1. AToksisitas opioid
2. BSindrom serotonin
3. CEfek samping antikolinergik
4. DReaksi alergi terhadap obat

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. AStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
2. BKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
3. CShower as normal with the monitor on
4. DRemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it

A heavy smoker is having surgery tomorrow and asks whether stopping smoking now is pointless. Which reply is most accurate?

1. AStopping even today lowers carbon monoxide levels before surgery
2. BIt is pointless unless they stopped smoking at least a year ago
3. CStopping now will make the operation more dangerous
4. DSmoking before surgery protects the lungs from the anaesthetic gases

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. AKidney stones
2. BGout
3. CHair loss
4. DSkin cancer

A patient with hypopituitarism needs both hydrocortisone and levothyroxine. Which is usually started first?

1. AHydrocortisone
2. BLevothyroxine
3. CNeither, until symptoms appear
4. DBoth on the same day, in any order

Before an anti-TNF biologic such as infliximab is started for Crohn's disease, which screening is essential?

1. AA test of colour vision
2. BScreening for tuberculosis
3. CA test for coeliac disease
4. DA bone density scan

A nurse teaches a patient after a colonoscopy with polyp removal. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll report heavy bleeding from my bottom."
2. B"I should report a fever or a swollen, painful abdomen."
3. C"Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
4. D"Some wind and bloating today is expected."

Which finding in a term newborn's first hours is normal?

1. AShort breathing pauses with no colour change
2. BPauses in breathing of 30 seconds with bradycardia
3. CA respiratory rate of 80 at rest with retractions
4. DCentral cyanosis of the lips and tongue

Rekaman denyut jantung janin menunjukkan variabilitas dasar yang menghilang dengan deselerasi lambat berulang. Bagaimana ini digolongkan dan apa yang diperlukan?

1. APola normal saat janin tidur
2. BKategori II: rekaman tak tentu yang hanya memerlukan observasi rutin dan dokumentasi berkelanjutan
3. CKategori III: rekaman abnormal yang memerlukan intervensi segera dan persiapan persalinan yang dipercepat
4. DKategori I: normal, perawatan rutin

How are feeds usually restarted after a pyloromyotomy for pyloric stenosis?

1. AWith large, full-volume feeds straight away to make up for the weight lost
2. BNot until 10 days after surgery, when the wound has healed
3. CWithin hours, increasing gradually as per protocol; some vomiting can be expected
4. DOnly by nasogastric tube for the first month at home

The nurse has taught the parents of a child with type 1 diabetes. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"We'll recheck her glucose about 15 minutes after treating a low."
2. B"We'll check her glucose before driving to her swimming lesson."
3. C"We'll give the school a copy of her hypo plan and glucagon."
4. D"For a low, I'll give her a chocolate bar, because it's the fastest sugar."

A patient with dependent personality disorder asks the nurse to choose her clothes and meals every day. What is an appropriate nursing goal?

1. AThe patient will avoid contact with others until she feels more confident
2. BThe patient will let staff make all her decisions while in hospital
3. CThe patient will move in with a relative who can make decisions for her
4. DThe patient will make small everyday decisions on her own

A 15-year-old tells the school nurse she has been cutting herself and asks her not to tell her parents. What is the best response?

1. ATell her that cutting is a phase that many teenagers go through and it needs no help
2. BExplain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
3. CPromise never to tell anyone about it, so that she keeps trusting the school nurse
4. DPhone her parents at once without telling her

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Perhitungan dosis untuk suntikan kecil menghasilkan 0,59922 mL. Aturan dalam latihan ini adalah volume di bawah 1 mL dibulatkan ke perseratusan mL terdekat. Nilai x berapa yang Anda catat?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah resep tertulis 1 tbsp suspensi oral tiga kali sehari selama 14 hari. Suspensi tersedia dalam botol 150 mL. Dengan 1 tbsp = 15 mL, berapa botol utuh N yang harus disediakan agar pengobatan lengkap?

Seorang anak dengan berat 24 kg diresepkan 2 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 40 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 12 kg diresepkan 10 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 200 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 4 jam dengan set 10 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Infus berisi 200 mg dalam 250 mL berjalan pada 18 mL/h. Berapa mikrogram per menit D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih). Hitung serpihan es setengah volumenya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 60 mL/h. Pada pukul 10:30, 250 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: ya; cara berjalan: terganggu; status mental: mengetahui batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Tim menargetkan tekanan arteri rata-rata minimal 65 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik seorang pasien adalah 89 mmHg. Dengan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, berapa tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberi MAP 65 mmHg?