Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

How long should each pass of oropharyngeal or tracheal suction usually last?

1. AAs long as secretions keep coming
2. BAbout one minute
3. CNo more than about 10–15 seconds
4. DAbout 30–45 seconds

Seorang pasien pascaoperasi 70 kg dengan kateter telah mengeluarkan 20 mL urine per jam selama tiga jam terakhir. Apa interpretasi terbaiknya?

1. APoliuria yang memerlukan pembatasan cairan
2. BKateter tersumbat yang aman dibiarkan sampai ditinjau tim pagi
3. CProduksi normal setelah operasi
4. DOliguria yang harus dieskalasi, karena di bawah 0,5 mL/kg/jam

When walking with axillary crutches, where should the patient’s weight be taken?

1. AOn the elbows, kept bent at a right angle with the crutch tops tucked under the arms
2. BOn the shoulders, with the crutches pressed upward
3. COn the hands, with the crutch tops a few finger widths below the armpits
4. DOn the armpits, resting on the crutch tops

Seorang perawat akan memberikan morfin IV. Frekuensi napas pasien 9/menit dan sangat mengantuk. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMemberikan dosis dan memeriksa ulang frekuensi napas besok
2. BMemberikan dosis karena nyeri dilaporkan sebelumnya
3. CMemberikan setengah dosis
4. DMenahan dosis, mengkaji pasien, dan memberi tahu pemberi resep

Seorang pasien dewasa yang sedang makan di ruang bersama tiba-tiba mencengkeram lehernya dan tidak dapat berbicara, bernapas, atau batuk. Apa yang pertama kali harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMemanggil bantuan dan memberikan tepukan punggung serta hentakan perut
2. BMemberi pasien segelas air untuk mendorong makanan
3. CMenunggu untuk melihat apakah pasien dapat membatukkannya
4. DMengorek mulut dengan jari secara buta

Two weeks after birth, a mother says she hears voices telling her the baby is evil. What is the priority?

1. AAdvise more sleep and book a routine follow-up visit for next month
2. BReassure her that this is normal “baby blues”
3. CLeave her alone with the baby to bond
4. DKeep the mother and baby safe and arrange urgent psychiatric care

A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor beside the bed. What should be done first?

1. ALift the patient straight back into bed so they are comfortable
2. BComplete the incident report form
3. CPhone the patient's family
4. DCheck the patient for injuries before moving them

An older patient with delirium is trying to leave the ward at night, saying he must go home. What is the best initial approach?

1. AGive a sedative straight away without a prescription
2. BPhysically restrain him in bed until the morning so that he cannot fall
3. CLet him leave, because adults can always do as they wish whatever their state
4. DCalmly reassure and redirect him while the team assesses his capacity and safety

A patient who is breathless during a transfusion has hypotension, fever and bilateral lung infiltrates, with no signs of fluid overload. Which complication is most likely?

1. ATransfusion-associated circulatory overload
2. BTransfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
3. CA simple allergic reaction with hives
4. DA mild febrile nonhemolytic reaction

A patient with right upper abdominal pain from gallstones now has jaundice, a total bilirubin of 4,8 mg/dL (82 µmol/L) and a raised ALP. What is the most likely cause?

1. AUncomplicated gallbladder inflammation
2. BHemolysis caused by the gallstones
3. CGilbert syndrome triggered by pain
4. DA stone blocking the common bile duct

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. ASevere hypertension during the infusion itself
2. BRapid rise in cholesterol
3. CPericarditis caused by infection
4. DCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure

A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?

1. AHypertonic saline is toxic to the liver at high rates
2. BFast correction causes immediate kidney failure
3. CRaising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
4. DRaising sodium too fast causes severe hypokalaemia and cardiac arrest

A pulse oximeter on a patient's finger gives an unreliable, flickering reading. Which factor is the most likely cause?

1. ACold hands with poor peripheral circulation
2. BThe patient having eaten recently
3. CA regular heart rate of 75 beats per minute
4. DThe patient sitting upright in a chair

Sebelum dosis digoksin pagi, nadi apikal pasien 54/menit dan ia merasa mual. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMemberikan dosis, karena hanya nadi radial yang dihitung
2. BMemberikan setengah dosis dan memeriksa nadi lagi dalam satu jam
3. CMemberikan dosis dan antiemetik, lalu memeriksa nadi lagi besok
4. DMenahan dosis dan melaporkannya, karena toksisitas mungkin terjadi

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. ALate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
2. BLate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
3. CGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse
4. DLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose

A patient on levothyroxine has palpitations, weight loss and poor sleep. TSH is suppressed, and free T4 is high. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AA normal response to the drug
2. BThe dose is too low
3. CThe dose is too high
4. DThe thyroid has stopped working

Which medicine commonly delays wound healing?

1. ALong-term corticosteroids
2. BSaline eye drops
3. CVitamin C supplements
4. DParacetamol

Pada hari ke-3 setelah luka bakar besar, pasien mulai mengeluarkan urine dalam volume besar. Masalah elektrolit mana yang harus diantisipasi perawat?

1. AHiperkalemia, karena kerusakan jaringan baru melepaskan kalium
2. BHipernatremia, karena ginjal mulai menahan natrium
3. CHiperkalsemia, akibat tirah baring dan imobilisasi
4. DHipokalemia, saat cairan kembali ke sirkulasi

Mengapa kortikosteroid seperti betametason diberikan kepada perempuan dengan persalinan prematur?

1. AUntuk menurunkan tekanan darah ibu
2. BUntuk mempercepat pematangan paru janin
3. CUntuk mencegah infeksi selaput ketuban
4. DUntuk menghentikan kontraksi

Ten days after birth, a woman phones to say her bleeding has suddenly become heavy and bright red with clots, with lower abdominal pain and a temperature of 38,2 °C (100,8 °F). Which response is most appropriate?

1. AReassure her that lochia rubra often returns and review at 6 weeks
2. BAdvise her to use tampons so the blood loss is easier to measure
3. CTell her it is probably her first period and needs no action
4. DAsk her to come in now; retained tissue or infection is possible

Anak mana yang umumnya tidak boleh menerima vaksin hidup seperti MMR?

1. AAnak yang sedang minum antibiotik oral untuk infeksi telinga tanpa komplikasi
2. BAnak yang saudaranya sedang pilek
3. CAnak dengan supresi imun berat, misalnya selama kemoterapi
4. DAnak dengan pilek ringan

The safe dose range of a drug is 25–50 mg/kg per day, divided every 8 hours. A 12 kg child is prescribed 250 mg every 8 hours. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and inform the prescriber at the next round
2. BGive the dose, because 250 mg is within the range for a single dose
3. CContact the prescriber, because 750 mg a day is above the maximum of 600 mg
4. DGive the dose, because the minimum safe daily dose is 300 mg

A patient says, "The doctor says I'm getting better, but I don't think anyone here really knows me." Which nurse response is most therapeutic?

1. A"Why do you think the doctor is wrong about you?"
2. B"You feel that people here don't really know you?"
3. C"Everyone here knows you well, so don't worry."
4. D"The doctor is very experienced, so you should trust her."

A resident with Alzheimer's disease becomes very agitated and hits out when staff try to help him bathe. What is the best approach?

1. AStop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly
2. BGet more staff to hold him so the bath can be finished quickly
3. CSkip bathing for the rest of his stay
4. DAsk the doctor for a sedative to be given before every bath so that he stays calm and cooperative

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang bayi baru lahir memiliki berat 8 lb 7 oz. Dengan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2,2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bulatkan ke dua tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah resep tertulis 1 tsp suspensi oral empat kali sehari selama 7 hari. Dengan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa mL V yang dibutuhkan untuk seluruh pengobatan?

Seorang pasien berbobot 25 kg dan diresepkan 7,5 mg/kg sebagai dosis tunggal. Tentukan dosisnya D dalam mg.

Seorang pasien memiliki berat 46,2 lb. Resepnya 15 mg/kg sebagai dosis tunggal, dan stoknya berisi 125 mg dalam 5 mL. Dengan 1 kg = 2,2 lb, berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 2 jam dengan set 15 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Sebuah kantong berisi 1000 mg obat dalam 500 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 5 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih). Hitung serpihan es setengah volumenya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 1000 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 120 mL/h. Pada pukul 21:30, 550 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 21/menit, SpO₂ 98% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 78/46 mmHg, nadi 88/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 37,9 °C. Berapa total skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Pada menit ke-5 setelah lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir dalam latihan menunjukkan tubuh merah muda dengan tangan dan kaki biru, denyut jantung 95/menit, tidak ada respons terhadap rangsang, anggota gerak lunglai tanpa tonus otot, dan napas lambat dan tidak teratur dengan tangis lemah. Hitung skor APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu diinterpretasikan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2abnormal sedang
3. 3rendah