Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Apa perbedaan antara empati dan simpati?

1. AEmpati berarti memahami perasaan pasien dari sudut pandangnya
2. BEmpati berarti merasa kasihan kepada pasien dan ikut terhanyut dalam penderitaannya
3. CSimpati berarti tetap sepenuhnya netral
4. DTidak ada perbedaan di antara keduanya

A urine culture reports a mixed growth of several organisms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe patient has several serious infections at once
2. BThe patient is resistant to all antibiotics
3. CThe sample was contaminated during collection
4. DThe laboratory used the wrong test

Which measure reduces errors caused by interruptions during medication preparation?

1. APreparing medications at the busiest place on the ward
2. BAnswering phone calls and pages while counting tablets, to save time
3. CA quiet “no interruption” zone or signal while preparing medications
4. DPreparing medications for all patients at once

Seorang perawat malam menyarankan untuk merestrain pasien yang tenang tetapi berkeliaran "agar kita bisa bekerja dengan lebih sedikit staf malam ini". Respons mana yang benar?

1. ARestrain dapat diterima bila dilepas pada pagi hari
2. BRestrain dapat diterima pada malam hari saat staf sedikit
3. CRestrain tidak pernah untuk kenyamanan petugas; gunakan ronde atau penjaga
4. DRestrain dapat diterima bila keluarga menyetujuinya secara tertulis lebih dahulu

Pasien mana yang paling tepat ditugaskan kepada LPN/LVN?

1. APasien gagal jantung kronis stabil yang memerlukan obat oral
2. BPasien yang dirawat 30 menit yang lalu dengan nyeri dada baru
3. CPasien yang akan menerima unit pertama sel darah merah
4. DPasien yang tiba dari ruang pemulihan dan memerlukan pengkajian awal

A toddler with tetralogy of Fallot becomes very blue and breathless while crying. What should the nurse do first?

1. ALay the child flat on their back
2. BGive a large drink of water to calm the child
3. CEncourage the child to keep crying to open the lungs
4. DPlace the child in a knee-to-chest position

A pressure ulcer shows full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone. Which category (stage) is this?

1. ACategory 4
2. BCategory 1
3. CCategory 2
4. DCategory 3

Pasien cedera kepala menunjukkan tekanan darah naik, denyut jantung turun, dan napas tidak teratur. Ini menunjukkan:

1. ASerangan panik
2. BSyok hipovolemik akibat perdarahan dalam yang tersembunyi
3. CSepsis
4. DPeningkatan tekanan intrakranial (trias Cushing)

A patient taking a statin reports new, unexplained muscle pain and weakness. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect to be ordered?

1. ASerum lipase
2. BCardiac troponin
3. CSerum ammonia
4. DCreatine kinase (CK)

A patient with jaundice and nausea has a positive IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV). What does this show?

1. AA current or recent hepatitis A infection
2. BPast hepatitis B infection that has cleared
3. CChronic hepatitis A lasting many years
4. DImmunity from hepatitis A vaccine long ago

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AHearing tests and vision tests every month
2. BINR and platelet count
3. CPeak expiratory flow
4. DWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids

A patient taking dabigatran has a life-threatening bleed. Which specific reversal agent is used?

1. AProtamine sulfate
2. BIdarucizumab
3. CVitamin K
4. DAndexanet alfa

Why is a higher level of HDL cholesterol considered protective?

1. AHDL is converted into vitamin D in the walls of the arteries
2. BHDL carries cholesterol from the tissues back to the liver
3. CHDL thins the blood in the same way as an anticoagulant
4. DHDL lowers the blood pressure directly

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. AA large difference in blood pressure between the arms
2. BA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
3. CSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
4. DPain that started at rest

A patient on ciclosporin or tacrolimus asks about grapefruit juice. Which advice is correct?

1. ADrink it daily to protect the kidney
2. BDrink it with each dose to improve the absorption
3. CIt has no effect on these drugs
4. DAvoid it, because it can raise the drug levels

A patient with suspected meningitis has a GCS of 9 and pupils that have become unequal. A doctor plans an immediate lumbar puncture. What is the main concern?

1. ARaised pressure in the skull, so the procedure could cause herniation
2. BThe patient is too confused to stay still, so it is not needed
3. CA lumbar puncture would spread the infection to the blood
4. DThere is no concern, because the lumbar puncture lowers pressure safely

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. ADischarge planning for the next day
2. BRoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care
3. CAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness
4. DNo change unless the patient complains

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo increase the anticancer effect on the tumour
2. BTo rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
3. CTo treat the patient's anaemia only
4. DTo prevent hair loss during treatment

Which factor most increases a postnatal woman's risk of venous thromboembolism?

1. ABreastfeeding
2. BNormal blood loss
3. CEarly walking after birth
4. DCaesarean birth

A labouring woman refuses a recommended caesarean for fetal distress after a full explanation. She has decision-making capacity. What should the nurse do?

1. APrepare her for surgery anyway because the baby is at risk
2. BAsk her partner to consent instead
3. CRespect her decision, document it and inform the team
4. DStop caring for her because she refused advice

How should anti-sickness medicine be given to a child receiving chemotherapy that often causes vomiting?

1. AOnly if the child asks for it
2. BOnly after the child has already vomited at least twice
3. COnly at night, when the child is asleep
4. DBefore the chemotherapy starts and then regularly

Two weeks after a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted, an infant has a fever, irritability and redness along the shunt tract. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal healing; no action needed
2. BAn allergy to the hospital soap
3. CShunt infection; report it urgently
4. DTeething, which explains the fever and the irritability

A patient at high risk of suicide is placed on constant (one-to-one) observation. What does this mean?

1. AThe patient is seen once a shift by the nurse in charge, and otherwise checked by camera from the office when staff are free
2. BThe patient is checked every hour during the day only
3. CA staff member stays with the patient at all times, at the distance set by policy, including in the bathroom
4. DThe patient can be left alone while asleep

Sehari sebelum pulang, seorang pasien depresi berkata, "Sebentar lagi saya akhirnya akan tenang dan tidak menjadi beban bagi siapa pun." Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMengatakan bahwa ia akan merasa lebih baik di rumah
2. BBerasumsi bahwa ia lega akan pulang
3. CMencatat ucapannya dalam rekam medis dan membiarkan kepulangan berjalan seperti direncanakan, tanpa tindakan lebih lanjut
4. DMenanyakan langsung apakah ia berpikir untuk bunuh diri dan memberi tahu tim sebelum kepulangan dilanjutkan

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Suhu seorang pasien adalah 39,7 °C. Konversikan ke derajat Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah instruksi tertulis 2,5 mcg/kg/menit untuk pasien dengan berat badan 66 kg. Nyatakan laju dosis D dalam mg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua tempat desimal.

Seorang pasien berbobot 60 kg. Dosis yang diresepkan 30 mg/kg per hari, diberikan dalam 4 dosis yang sama. Berapa miligram D yang diberikan per dosis?

Anda harus menyiapkan 250 mL larutan 5% (b/v) dari larutan stok 10% (b/v). Berapa volume stok V₁ yang Anda perlukan?

Infuskan 250 mL selama 6 jam dengan set 15 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Sebuah kantong berisi 2 g obat dalam 500 mL. Resepnya 0,5 mg per menit. Pada laju berapa R Anda mengatur pompa, dalam mL/h?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari total asupan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 150 mL/h. Pada pukul 11:30, 250 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Tim menargetkan tekanan arteri rata-rata minimal 70 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik seorang pasien adalah 104 mmHg. Dengan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, berapa tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberi MAP 70 mmHg?