Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

When measuring a wound, how is the length usually taken?

1. AAround the edge of the wound with a tape measure
2. BIn whichever direction is shortest
3. CFrom the wound to the nearest joint
4. DIn the head-to-toe direction across the longest part

A nurse escalated a deteriorating patient, but the doctor has not come after 30 minutes and the patient is getting worse. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate further, for example to a senior doctor or the rapid response team
2. BWait, since the doctor has already been told
3. CTreat the patient with drugs from the cupboard without a prescription
4. DWrite in the notes that the doctor did not come and do nothing else

Which room lighting is safest at night for a patient at high risk of falls?

1. AComplete darkness so the patient sleeps more deeply
2. BBright overhead lights left on all night in the room
3. CA low night light that lights the path to the bathroom
4. DOnly the light from the television screen

Seorang pasien dengan demensia berat turun dari tempat tidur sendirian pada malam hari dan telah jatuh dua kali. Rencana mana yang paling tepat?

1. AEmpat pagar tempat tidur dinaikkan, dengan pintu ditutup pada malam hari agar tenang
2. BTempat tidur rendah, alarm tempat tidur, ronde ke toilet, lampu malam, dan kaus kaki antiselip
3. CMengikat pasien di kursi semalaman
4. DSedatif setiap malam agar pasien tetap di tempat tidur

A patient uses patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after surgery. Which statement by a family member shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will press the button for her while she is asleep so she stays comfortable.”
2. B“I will tell the nurse if she becomes very sleepy or hard to wake.”
3. C“The pump has limits set by the nurse so she cannot get too much at once.”
4. D“Only she should press the button when she needs pain relief.”

Before surgery, a nurse is asked to witness a patient’s consent. The patient was given a sedative 30 minutes ago. What should the nurse do?

1. AWitness it quickly before the sedative takes full effect
2. BWitness it and write “sedated” beside the signature
3. CAsk a family member to sign on the patient’s behalf
4. DNot witness the consent and inform the surgeon

A nurse gives a patient analgesia for post-operative pain. What should be done next?

1. AReassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
2. BWait until the next shift before asking the patient about the pain
3. CGive a second analgesic straight away just in case
4. DAssume the pain has gone if the patient is quiet and has their eyes closed

A patient who used sildenafil the day before develops chest pain. Why is glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, nitroglycerin) normally avoided?

1. AGTN makes sildenafil toxic to the liver
2. BThe combination can cause a severe, dangerous fall in blood pressure
3. CThe combination causes severe hyperkalaemia
4. DSildenafil stops GTN from being absorbed under the tongue at all

Seorang pasien yang mengonsumsi warfarin untuk fibrilasi atrium memiliki INR 1,4. Apa artinya?

1. APasien berisiko tinggi mengalami perdarahan dan segera memerlukan vitamin K
2. BAntikoagulasi di bawah target, sehingga gumpalan darah dan stroke lebih mungkin terjadi
3. CDosisnya tepat dan tidak perlu diubah
4. DPasien tidak perlu lagi mengonsumsi warfarin

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. APersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
2. BA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin
3. CContamination of all three samples during collection
4. DA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs

Bagaimana metformin terutama menurunkan glukosa darah?

1. AMetformin menggantikan insulin yang kurang
2. BMetformin memblokir penyerapan glukosa di ginjal
3. CMetformin mengurangi produksi glukosa oleh hati
4. DMetformin merangsang pelepasan insulin dari pankreas

Two days after starting chemotherapy for a leukaemia with a high white cell count, a patient has reduced urine output. Which lab pattern suggests tumour lysis syndrome?

1. ALow potassium, low phosphate, low uric acid and high calcium
2. BHigh sodium, high glucose and low potassium
3. CHigh potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid and low calcium
4. DNormal electrolytes with a high haemoglobin

Which skin changes around the ankles are typical of chronic venous insufficiency?

1. AA sharply defined red patch with fever
2. BBrown staining, swelling and dry, itchy skin
3. CPale, shiny, hairless skin with weak pulses
4. DA cold, white foot with no pulse

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. APain that started at rest
2. BA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min
3. CSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
4. DA large difference in blood pressure between the arms

Which blood gas pattern is typical of acute kidney injury?

1. AHigh pH and low carbon dioxide
2. BHigh pH and high bicarbonate
3. CLow pH and low bicarbonate
4. DLow pH and high carbon dioxide only

A patient received IV insulin and glucose for hyperkalaemia an hour ago. What must the nurse monitor over the next few hours?

1. AUrine colour, for blood in the urine
2. BSkin, for a drug rash
3. CCapillary glucose, for hypoglycaemia
4. DPupils, for raised intracranial pressure

Which risk is particularly linked with tramadol?

1. ASevere stomach ulcers in all patients
2. BSerotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
3. CRapid liver failure at normal doses
4. DHigh blood pressure that needs emergency treatment in most patients

A patient with gallstones has a temperature of 39 °C with rigors, jaundice and right upper abdominal pain. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AAcute hepatitis A
2. BSimple biliary colic
3. CUncomplicated reflux
4. DAscending cholangitis

Which breastfeeding mother should be advised not to breastfeed?

1. AA mother with mastitis
2. BA mother with a common cold
3. CA mother receiving chemotherapy
4. DA mother who had a caesarean birth

After treatment for a molar pregnancy, what is the most important teaching point?

1. ATry to conceive again as soon as possible to reduce recurrence
2. BAvoid all physical activity for 6 months
3. CAttend serial hCG checks and use reliable contraception during follow-up
4. DNo further follow-up is needed once the uterus is empty

Kewaspadaan mana yang berlaku untuk anak dengan hemofilia?

1. AMengompres hangat sendi yang berdarah
2. BMemberikan aspirin untuk nyeri
3. CMenganjurkan olahraga kontak seperti rugbi untuk memperkuat sendi dan otot
4. DMenghindari suntikan intramuskular dan pengukuran suhu rektal bila memungkinkan

Which long-term problems should be monitored in a child with a repaired cleft palate?

1. AGrowth hormone levels and puberty timing
2. BBone density and fracture risk in the teenage years
3. CKidney function and blood pressure
4. DMiddle ear infections, hearing, speech and teeth

Which preparation is usual before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

1. AStopping all regular medicines for 2 weeks before the first treatment
2. BEating a large meal to prevent low blood sugar during the seizure
3. CFasting for several hours, because a brief general anaesthetic is given
4. DNo preparation, because the patient stays fully awake during ECT

A patient on daily methadone maintenance has had abdominal surgery. Which statement about his pain management is correct?

1. AHis usual methadone should continue, and additional analgesia is usually needed for acute pain
2. BHis methadone should be stopped while he is in hospital
3. CHis usual methadone dose will fully control his post-operative pain, so no other analgesia should be given
4. DHe should get no opioids at all, because of his history

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien memiliki tinggi 5 ft 7 in. Dengan 1 ft = 12 in dan 1 in = 2,54 cm, cari tinggi h dalam sentimeter, ke sentimeter bulat terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Selama satu shift seorang pasien mengonsumsi 4 tbsp dari suplemen cair, ¼ cangkir dari teh, 1 fl oz dari jus. Dengan ekuivalen yang diberikan, cari total asupan oral V dalam mL.

Sebuah vial berisi 1 g serbuk. Labelnya menyatakan: tambahkan 3,4 mL air untuk injeksi sehingga volume totalnya 4 mL. Resepnya 250 mg. Berapa volume V larutan hasil rekonstitusi yang Anda berikan?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 10 kg diresepkan 10 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 120 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

1500 mL diresepkan selama 8 jam. Setelah 6 jam Anda mendapati masih ada 470 mL di kantong, dan infus tetap harus selesai tepat waktu. Ke laju berapa R dalam mL/h pompa harus diatur ulang?

Infus berisi 50 mg dalam 500 mL berjalan pada 5 mL/h. Berapa mikrogram per menit D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari total asupan I dalam mL.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 1000 mL dimulai pada pukul 13:45 dan dijalankan dengan pompa pada 120 mL/h. Berapa mL V yang tersisa di kantong pada pukul 15:15?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan setelah cedera kepala membuka mata hanya terhadap tekanan (rangsang nyeri), mengucapkan kata-kata yang tidak sesuai dan acak, dan menunjukkan respons motorik terbaik: ekstensi lengan dan tungkai (ekstensi abnormal). Hitung GCS dan klasifikasikan cedera kepala berdasarkan GCS tersebut. Klik jawaban Anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sedang
3. 3berat

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 20/menit, SpO₂ 88% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 118/70 mmHg, nadi 98/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 36,6 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi