Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

A nurse posts about an "interesting patient" on social media without naming them. Why is this a problem?

1. AIt is not a problem because no name was given
2. BThe patient may still be identifiable, which breaches confidentiality
3. CIt is only a problem if the post also includes a photograph of the patient
4. DIt is not a problem if the account is private

An older patient's leg wound has become more painful and has a new unpleasant smell, but there is no fever. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal healing, because there is no fever and the wound is still closed
2. BA possible wound infection that needs assessment and reporting
3. CThe wound has dried out and needs to be left open
4. DAn allergy to the dressing that needs no action

Kapan perawat boleh menggunakan alat pemadam api pada kebakaran?

1. AHanya bila api kecil, alarm telah dibunyikan, dan jalan keluar bebas
2. BSelalu, bahkan sebelum alarm dibunyikan, untuk menghemat waktu
3. CSetiap kali ada asap, meskipun jalan keluar terhalang
4. DTidak pernah; hanya petugas pemadam kebakaran yang boleh memakai alat pemadam

A nurse teaches new parents about safe infant sleep. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“We will not smoke near the baby.”
2. B“We will put a soft bumper pad and a blanket in the crib so the baby is cozy.”
3. C“We will lay the baby on the back for every sleep, including naps.”
4. D“We will keep the crib in our room, next to our bed, for the first months.”

A drowsy patient has an arterial blood gas with pH 7,30, PaCO₂ 58 mmHg (7,7 kPa) and HCO₃⁻ 25 mEq/L (mmol/L). Which problem is the priority?

1. ALoss of bicarbonate from the bowel through severe diarrhea
2. BHyperventilation caused by anxiety
3. CPoor ventilation causing carbon dioxide to build up
4. DToo much bicarbonate from antacids

Seorang pasien setelah operasi besar memiliki keluaran urine 15 mL/jam selama dua jam, denyut jantung 115/menit, dan tangan dingin. Apa yang pertama kali dilakukan perawat?

1. AMengkaji tanda-tanda syok, seperti perdarahan, dan melakukan eskalasi
2. BMenganjurkan pasien minum lebih banyak air dan memeriksa lagi nanti
3. CMenunggu dua jam lagi untuk melihat apakah keluaran membaik
4. DMembilas kateter dan memeriksa keluaran besok pagi

Seorang pasien diabetes yang tidak sadar memiliki glukosa darah 2,1 mmol/L dan tidak ada akses IV. Apa yang dapat diberikan?

1. ATablet glukosa lewat mulut
2. BInsulin subkutan
3. CGlukagon intramuskular
4. DJus buah lewat mulut

A nurse teaches a patient with reflux disease. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will raise the head of my bed with blocks."
2. B"A big meal just before bed is fine if I take my tablet."
3. C"I will cut down on alcohol."
4. D"I will try to lose some weight over the next months."

Seorang pasien menerima cairan IV yang mengalir ke lengan bawah kiri. Di mana perawat harus mengambil sampel darah?

1. ADari kanula IV saat cairan sedang mengalir
2. BDari lengan sebelahnya
3. CDari vena mana pun, karena cairan tidak memengaruhi hasil
4. DDari tepat di atas lokasi IV pada lengan yang sama

Temuan mana yang paling kuat menunjukkan bahwa kreatinin pasien yang meningkat disebabkan oleh cedera ginjal akut dan bukan penyakit ginjal kronis lama?

1. APasien menderita anemia lama
2. BKreatinin normal tiga hari lalu dan telah berlipat ganda sejak itu
3. CPasien memiliki ginjal kecil pada pemindaian ultrasonografi
4. DPasien memiliki kreatinin tinggi selama bertahun-tahun

Manakah efek samping yang dikenal luas dari kortikosteroid oral jangka panjang?

1. AHipoglikemia
2. BPenurunan berat badan
3. COsteoporosis
4. DTekanan darah rendah

Why must several weeks pass before starting an MAO inhibitor after stopping fluoxetine?

1. AMAO inhibitors are absorbed only after fluoxetine is gone
2. BFluoxetine and its active metabolite have very long half-lives
3. CFluoxetine must first be converted into an MAO inhibitor
4. DFluoxetine permanently and irreversibly blocks MAO enzymes

A patient stops ramipril because of a troublesome dry cough. Which drug class is a common alternative?

1. AA loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BA nitrate such as isosorbide mononitrate
3. CAn angiotensin II receptor blocker such as losartan
4. DA non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
2. BIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle
3. CStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
4. DContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
2. BTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
3. CTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on
4. DTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better

An 89-year-old with stage 5 CKD and severe heart failure, who has capacity, decides not to start dialysis. What is the nurse's best response?

1. ARespect the decision and support symptom-focused care
2. BAsk the family to change the patient's mind
3. CTell the patient they must start dialysis by law
4. DStop all care, because nothing more can be done

Which risk is particularly linked with tramadol?

1. ASevere stomach ulcers in all patients
2. BSerotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
3. CHigh blood pressure that needs emergency treatment in most patients
4. DRapid liver failure at normal doses

A patient's long-standing groin hernia has become tender, red and irreducible, and they are vomiting. What should the nurse do?

1. AApply a hot water bottle and give a laxative
2. BAdvise the patient to wear a tight truss and rest
3. CKeep them nil by mouth and arrange urgent surgical review
4. DPush the hernia firmly back in, then discharge home

Rekaman seorang perempuan bersalin menunjukkan deselerasi variabel. Tindakan apa yang pertama kali harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMengubah posisi ibu
2. BMembaringkannya telentang
3. CLangsung mulai mengejan
4. DMenaikkan infus oksitosin

A woman at 26 weeks has a haemoglobin of 95 g/L (9,5 g/dL) and a low ferritin. She is already taking oral iron but has severe side effects. What might be considered?

1. AIntravenous iron
2. BA routine blood transfusion
3. CDoubling her caffeine intake
4. DStopping iron and waiting until after birth

Why are elbow splints often used after cleft lip repair?

1. ATo make the baby sleep for longer
2. BTo keep the IV cannula from being needed
3. CTo stop the baby touching or rubbing the suture line
4. DTo keep the baby's arms warm and still after surgery and anaesthesia

A 4-year-old has had pallor, tiredness, bruising, bone pain and fevers for 3 weeks. What is the most important next step?

1. AIron supplements for 3 months, then review
2. BA course of antibiotics for a viral infection
3. CReassurance that these are growing pains that will pass with time
4. DAn urgent full blood count to look for leukaemia

A 78-year-old woman who started citalopram two weeks ago is newly confused and drowsy. Which laboratory result would best explain this?

1. AA high haemoglobin
2. BA low serum sodium
3. CA high serum potassium
4. DA low serum cholesterol

A nurse suspects that a patient is hiding his tablets in his cheek and later spitting them out. What is the best approach?

1. ACrush all his tablets into his food without telling him
2. BAccuse him in front of other patients so that he is embarrassed and stops
3. CStop giving him his medicine at all, because he is not taking it anyway, and record that he refused
4. DCheck his mouth after each dose, as policy allows, and explore why he does not want it

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah dosis dicatat pada 1:20 AM. Entri mana yang merupakan waktu yang sama pada jam 24 jam? Klik entri itu.

1. 100:20
2. 213:20
3. 302:20
4. 401:20

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Selama satu shift seorang pasien mengonsumsi 3 tbsp dari suplemen cair, 3 fl oz dari jus, 1½ tsp dari sirup batuk, ¾ cangkir dari teh. Dengan ekuivalen yang diberikan, cari total asupan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang anak dengan berat 13 kg diresepkan 15 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 25 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 18 kg diresepkan 20 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 120 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infuskan 500 mL selama 12 jam dengan set 20 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

1500 mL diresepkan selama 6 jam. Setelah 3 jam Anda mendapati masih ada 810 mL di kantong, dan infus tetap harus selesai tepat waktu. Berapa persen Δ laju pompa awal harus dinaikkan?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Berat badan pasien 106 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 100 mL/h. Pada pukul 06:30, 100 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: ya; cara berjalan: terganggu; status mental: mengetahui batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 12/menit, SpO₂ 95% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 102/62 mmHg, nadi 44/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 37,8 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi