Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Saat mengukur tekanan darah, apa yang terjadi jika manset terlalu kecil untuk lengan?

1. AHasilnya tinggi palsu
2. BHasilnya tidak terpengaruh
3. CHanya diastolik yang berubah, menurun
4. DHasilnya rendah palsu

Three days after abdominal surgery, a patient coughs and the wound opens with bowel visible. What should the nurse do first?

1. APush the bowel gently back into the abdomen, then apply a firm bandage over it
2. BCover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
3. CSit the patient fully upright and ask them to cough again
4. DLeave the wound uncovered so the surgeon can see it

Which technique is correct when collecting a wound culture?

1. ACollect the sample only after antibiotics have been started
2. BClean the wound with sterile saline first, then swab clean tissue
3. CSwab the old pus on the dressing that was just removed from the wound
4. DUse one swab to sample two different wounds

Which action by assistive personnel requires the nurse to step in?

1. AWashing hands with soap and water after leaving a C. difficile room
2. BGoing from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves
3. CRemoving gloves and then cleaning the hands with alcohol rub
4. DPutting soiled linen straight into a laundry bag at the bedside

A patient is receiving a blood transfusion. Which task can the nurse delegate to a nursing assistant?

1. AMeasuring and reporting vital signs at the times set by the nurse
2. BAssessing the patient for signs of a transfusion reaction
3. CDeciding whether to stop the transfusion if the patient has chills
4. DStarting the transfusion once the blood arrives

Two call lights go on at the same time. One patient has pain of 7/10 after surgery. The other is a confused patient at high risk of falls who is climbing out of bed alone. Who does the nurse go to first?

1. AThe patient whose call light went on first
2. BWhichever patient’s room is closer to the station
3. CThe confused patient climbing out of bed
4. DThe patient in pain after surgery

Why must a patient with a new coronary stent not stop their antiplatelet medicines without specialist advice?

1. AThe stent will dissolve if the drugs are stopped before the course ends
2. BStopping causes severe low blood pressure
3. CStopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
4. DStopping causes immediate kidney failure

A patient has a painful, punched-out ulcer on the toes, with a cold, pale foot and weak foot pulses. Which type of ulcer is most likely?

1. AAn arterial ulcer
2. BA venous ulcer
3. CA burn
4. DA pressure ulcer from bed rest

A patient taking phenazopyridine for bladder pain has bright orange urine. What should the nurse know about urine tests?

1. AThe color proves blood is present in the urine
2. BThe color shows severe liver failure is present
3. CThe drug improves the accuracy of all dipsticks
4. DThe dye can interfere with dipstick color readings

A patient with blood pressure that is hard to control has a potassium of 2,9 mEq/L, a sodium of 144 mEq/L and a raised serum bicarbonate, without taking a diuretic. Which condition is most likely?

1. APrimary hyperaldosteronism
2. BPrimary adrenal insufficiency
3. CCentral diabetes insipidus
4. DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AHearing tests and vision tests every month
2. BINR and platelet count
3. CWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids
4. DPeak expiratory flow

A patient taking long-term hydroxychloroquine for lupus is advised to have regular eye examinations. Why?

1. AThe drug stains the cornea blue
2. BThe drug raises pressure inside the eye
3. CThe drug causes cataracts within a few weeks of starting
4. DThe drug can cause retinal toxicity that may be permanent

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
2. BThe first sample is always contaminated
3. CTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
4. DThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80

A day after a myocardial infarction, a patient has frequent ventricular ectopic beats on the monitor. Which blood results should be checked first?

1. AAlbumin and bilirubin
2. BFerritin and vitamin B₁₂
3. CAmylase and lipase
4. DPotassium and magnesium

Why does a patient with untreated hypothyroidism need extra care when given opioids or sedatives?

1. AThey break the drugs down slowly and are more sensitive to them
2. BThese drugs make the thyroid gland overactive
3. CThey clear the drugs too fast, so higher doses are needed
4. DThere is no difference compared with other patients

A patient on IV gentamicin has a rising creatinine and a high trough level. What should the nurse do?

1. AHold the next dose and inform the prescriber
2. BGive the next dose early to clear the infection quickly
3. CEncourage more fluids and give the dose as planned
4. DStop measuring the drug levels

Seorang pasien dengan konduit ileum (urostomi) khawatir tentang lendir dalam urine. Penjelasan yang benar apa?

1. ABerarti stoma gagal dan memerlukan operasi
2. BMenunjukkan obstruksi usus sedang berkembang
3. CNormal, karena konduit dibuat dari usus halus
4. DTanda batu ginjal dan harus dilaporkan hari ini

Seorang pasien dengan epidural setelah operasi abdomen memiliki TD 82/48 mmHg, nadi 70/menit, dan kaki hangat. Perdarahan telah disingkirkan. Apa penyebab yang paling mungkin?

1. ABlok simpatis dari epidural
2. BSyok hipovolemik akibat kehilangan darah
3. CSyok kardiogenik setelah operasi
4. DAnafilaksis terhadap anestesi lokal

A woman in labour has severe back pain with each contraction. The fetus is in an occiput posterior position. Which measure is most likely to help?

1. AHolding her breath and pushing with each contraction
2. BLying flat on her back with her legs raised
3. CSacral counterpressure and a hands-and-knees position
4. DAvoiding movement until full dilation

Seorang perempuan hamil 30 minggu mengalami kontraksi nyeri teratur setiap 5 menit dengan perubahan serviks. Terapi mana yang diharapkan untuk melindungi paru bayi bila persalinan terjadi?

1. AMetilergonovin
2. BKortikosteroid antenatal
3. COksitosin
4. DImunoglobulin anti-D

Temuan mana pada pemeriksaan usia 18 bulan yang memerlukan rujukan untuk penilaian perkembangan?

1. AAnak takut pada orang asing
2. BAnak belum berjalan sendiri
3. CAnak bermain di samping anak lain, bukan bersama mereka
4. DAnak hanya mengucapkan beberapa kata

A child with Hirschsprung disease awaiting surgery develops fever, explosive diarrhoea and a very swollen abdomen. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AOrdinary viral gastroenteritis
2. BThe disease has resolved itself
3. CEnterocolitis, an emergency
4. DOveruse of laxatives at home

Seorang pasien berusia 19 tahun baru mulai mengonsumsi antidepresan. Apa yang harus dipantau perawat dengan sangat ketat pada minggu-minggu pertama?

1. APikiran atau perilaku bunuh diri yang baru atau memburuk
2. BRambut rontok
3. CPerubahan warna mata
4. DKenaikan berat badan yang cepat

A patient with depression answers every question with one or two words and looks at the floor. Which approach is most helpful?

1. AEnd the conversation quickly, because the patient clearly does not want to talk
2. BUse simple statements, allow extra time for answers and stay with the patient even in silence
3. CAsk several open questions in quick succession to keep the conversation going
4. DEncourage him to cheer up and think about the good things in his life

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Perhitungan laju tetesan menghasilkan 172,373 gtt/menit. Aturan dalam latihan ini adalah laju tetesan dibulatkan ke tetes bulat terdekat. Nilai x berapa yang Anda catat?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Hasil hemoglobin adalah 12,9 g/dL. Nyatakan dalam g/L Hb.

Seorang anak dengan berat 9 kg diresepkan 20 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 20 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Seorang pasien memiliki berat 66 lb. Resepnya 5 mg/kg sebagai dosis tunggal, dan stoknya berisi 250 mg dalam 5 mL. Dengan 1 kg = 2,2 lb, berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

500 mL diresepkan selama 12 jam. Setelah 9 jam Anda mendapati masih ada 150 mL di kantong, dan infus tetap harus selesai tepat waktu. Ke laju berapa R dalam mL/h pompa harus diatur ulang?

Sebuah kantong berisi 1 g obat dalam 250 mL. Resepnya 4 mg per menit. Pada laju berapa R Anda mengatur pompa, dalam mL/h?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Berat badan pasien 103 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 60 mL/h. Pada pukul 16:00, 50 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan setelah cedera kepala membuka mata saat diajak bicara, mengucapkan kata-kata yang tidak sesuai dan acak, dan menunjukkan respons motorik terbaik: menggerakkan tangan ke tempat tekanan (melokalisasi). Hitung GCS dan klasifikasikan cedera kepala berdasarkan GCS tersebut. Klik jawaban Anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sedang
3. 3berat

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Pada menit ke-1 setelah lahir, seorang bayi baru lahir latihan memiliki kulit biru atau pucat di seluruh tubuh, denyut jantung 80/menit, tidak ada respons terhadap rangsang, gerakan aktif, dan napas baik dengan tangis kuat. Hitung skor APGAR dan klik bagaimana skor itu diinterpretasikan.

1. 1menenangkan
2. 2abnormal sedang
3. 3rendah