Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

When should discharge planning begin?

1. AOnly after the doctor agrees to discharge
2. BOn the morning of discharge
3. CAfter the patient has gone home
4. DOn admission, or as early as possible

Seorang pasien yang bingung berulang kali mencoba memanjat pagar tempat tidur yang dinaikkan. Apa pendekatan yang paling aman?

1. AMenaikkan pagar lebih tinggi dan meninggalkan pasien sendirian di ruang yang tenang agar ia tenang
2. BMengikat pergelangan tangan pasien ke tempat tidur
3. CMemberikan sedatif tanpa evaluasi medis
4. DMengkaji ulang dan mempertimbangkan alternatif seperti tempat tidur rendah dan observasi lebih ketat

A parent calls because a toddler has swallowed some household cleaner. The child is awake and breathing normally. What should the nurse advise first?

1. AContact the local poison advice service now for specific advice
2. BMake the child vomit, using a finger at the back of the throat
3. CGive syrup of ipecac from the medicine cabinet
4. DWait to see whether any symptoms develop over the next day

During a disaster, the hospital needs to free beds quickly. Which patient is the best candidate for early discharge?

1. AA patient on a ventilator in the intensive care unit who is slowly improving
2. BA patient on an IV heparin infusion that is still being adjusted
3. CA patient admitted overnight for observation who is now stable with normal tests
4. DA patient with ongoing chest pain awaiting cardiac tests

Pada triase START di lokasi korban massal, seorang korban dapat berjalan ke area yang ditentukan saat diminta. Kategori mana yang diberikan kepada korban?

1. AHitam (ekspektan)
2. BKuning (tertunda)
3. CHijau (ringan)
4. DMerah (segera)

Seorang pasien yang diselamatkan dari kebakaran rumah mengalami luka bakar pada wajah, rambut hidung hangus, dan suara serak. Apa prioritasnya?

1. AMembersihkan dan membalut luka bakar wajah
2. BMelindungi jalan napas, bersiap untuk bantuan jalan napas dini
3. CMemberikan pereda nyeri
4. DMemulai resusitasi cairan IV yang dihitung dari luas luka bakar

Why is blood pressure monitored closely in a patient with an epidural infusion?

1. ABlood pressure readings show whether the catheter is infected
2. BThe epidural pump uses the blood pressure to set the rate
3. CThe local anaesthetic can block sympathetic nerves and cause hypotension
4. DEpidurals always cause severe hypertension that needs regular treatment

Which type of drug is commonly used to treat neuropathic pain?

1. AAntibiotics such as amoxicillin, given as a long course
2. BAntihistamines such as cetirizine
3. CProton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole
4. DSome anticonvulsants or antidepressants, such as gabapentin

Seorang pasien dengan nyeri dada yang dimulai satu jam lalu memiliki troponin pertama yang normal. Interpretasi mana yang benar?

1. AInfark sudah disingkirkan, sehingga tidak perlu pemeriksaan troponin lagi
2. BPasien dapat langsung dipulangkan
3. CInfark belum disingkirkan; troponin diulang sesuai protokol
4. DTroponin tidak berguna pada pasien dengan nyeri dada

A stable patient's hemoglobin has been 13–14 g/dL for days. Today's result is 8,2 g/dL, but the patient feels well, the vital signs are normal and there is no bleeding. What should the nurse suspect first?

1. AA sample taken from the wrong patient
2. BAcute bone marrow failure overnight
3. CSudden massive internal bleeding
4. DA normal day-to-day variation in Hb

How should the nurse straighten the ear canal to give ear drops to a 2-year-old child?

1. APush the pinna forward and up
2. BPull the pinna up and back
3. CPull the pinna down and back
4. DLeave the ear untouched and drop into the canal

Which heart failure drug improves symptoms and reduces hospital admissions but has not been shown to reduce mortality?

1. AA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist such as spironolactone
2. BA beta blocker such as bisoprolol
3. CDigoxin
4. DAn ACE inhibitor

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AOnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
2. BAfter a full 24 hours without food
3. CImmediately after the scope is removed
4. DWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned

Three hours after femoral cardiac catheterisation, a patient has new lower back and flank pain, a heart rate of 112/min and BP 92/60 mmHg. The groin looks normal. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ARetroperitoneal bleeding
2. BNormal back ache from lying flat
3. CA urinary tract infection
4. DAn allergic reaction to the contrast

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. AA weight loss of 1 kg (2,2 lb) after a hot day
2. BA weight gain of 2 kg (4,4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
3. CA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing
4. DDark yellow urine and thirst

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AVomiting proves that rejection has already happened
2. BThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
3. CThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
4. DThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. APain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly
2. BAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain
3. CStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
4. DSystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate

Which patient has the highest risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AA non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
2. BA male smoker having a short procedure without opioids
3. CA man with no history of nausea having local anaesthetic only
4. DA smoker who has never had nausea after surgery

Seorang perempuan sedang hamil. Sebelumnya ia melahirkan bayi kembar pada usia kehamilan 35 minggu (keduanya hidup) dan mengalami keguguran pada usia 10 minggu. Berapa GTPAL-nya?

1. AG3 T1 P0 A1 L2
2. BG3 T0 P1 A1 L2
3. CG4 T0 P2 A1 L2
4. DG2 T0 P1 A1 L2

Just after delivery of the placenta, a woman suddenly has severe pain, heavy bleeding and shock. No fundus can be felt abdominally and a mass is seen at the vulva. What is most likely?

1. AUterine atony
2. BUterine inversion
3. CAmniotic fluid embolism
4. DCervical laceration

How should a parent respond to a 2-year-old's temper tantrum in a safe place?

1. AGive the child the sweet he wants so the tantrum stops
2. BStay calm, keep the child safe and do not give in to the demand
3. CSmack the child to show that tantrums are not allowed
4. DShout loudly at the child to make the tantrum stop sooner

A 6-month-old has just learned to roll over. Which safety advice is most urgent now?

1. AInstall locks on all kitchen cupboards and drawers
2. BNever leave her alone on a changing table, bed or sofa
3. CTeach her not to touch the hot oven door
4. DTurn pan handles towards the back of the stove and fit a guard around the cooker

A patient says, "I'm going to be a famous singer, and I'll buy this whole hospital." Which response best uses the technique of voicing doubt?

1. A"Why do you want to buy the hospital?"
2. B"That sounds hard to believe."
3. C"That's wonderful. When will you start?"
4. D"You know that isn't true at all."

Verbal de-escalation has failed, and a patient picks up a chair and threatens to throw it at the nurse. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGrab the chair from the patient quickly before he can use it
2. BKeep a safe distance, call for help and avoid trying to take the chair alone
3. CShout loudly at the patient to put the chair down at once, so that he knows the nurse is in charge
4. DTurn her back and walk away slowly without saying anything

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien memiliki tinggi 188 cm. Dengan 1 in = 2,54 cm, cari tinggi h dalam inci. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Hasil hemoglobin adalah 95 g/L. Nyatakan dalam g/dL Hb.

Sebuah spuit prefilled epinefrin (adrenalin) berlabel 1:10 000 (0,1 mg/mL). Resepnya 1 mg IV pada henti jantung. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Anda harus menyiapkan 100 mL larutan 0,5% (b/v) dari larutan stok 20% (b/v). Berapa volume stok V₁ yang Anda perlukan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 6 jam dengan set 15 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Infus menetes dengan laju 20 tts/menit melalui set 60 tts/mL. Tersisa 300 mL di kantong. Berapa jam t lagi hingga kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 150 mL/h. Pada pukul 09:00, 300 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, tirah baring, atau kursi roda; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 28/menit, SpO₂ 98% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 78/46 mmHg, nadi 38/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 37,0 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi