Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Kombinasi tanda mana yang menunjukkan infeksi luka?

1. AJaringan granulasi merah muda, cairan serosa ringan, dan luka yang mengecil
2. BKemerahan, hangat, bengkak, nyeri yang makin bertambah, dan nanah
3. CKeropeng kering tanpa nyeri
4. DGatal ringan saat tepi luka menutup

An infusion pump alarms "occlusion". What should the nurse check first?

1. AThe fluid prescription chart and the infusion rate written on it
2. BThe battery level of the pump
3. CThe patient's blood glucose level
4. DThe clamps, the tubing for kinks and the cannula site

An adult with hepatitis A is incontinent of stool. Which precautions are used?

1. AAirborne precautions in a negative-pressure room with the door closed
2. BDroplet precautions with a surgical mask
3. CA protective environment with filtered air
4. DContact precautions in addition to standard precautions

Shortly after a patient falls, the team holds a brief “post-fall huddle”. What is its main purpose?

1. ATo agree on what the team will tell the patient’s lawyer and the family
2. BTo decide which staff member was to blame for the fall
3. CTo complete the patient’s discharge paperwork
4. DTo find out quickly why the fall happened and change the care plan to prevent another

One hour after a vaginal birth, the nurse finds a soft, boggy uterus and heavy bleeding. What is the first action?

1. AEncourage the patient to rest quietly
2. BMassage the fundus
3. CApply an ice pack to the perineum
4. DOffer a meal and fluids

A toddler with tetralogy of Fallot becomes very blue and breathless while crying. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive a large drink of water to calm the child
2. BLay the child flat on their back
3. CEncourage the child to keep crying to open the lungs
4. DPlace the child in a knee-to-chest position

Seorang pasien yang menerima warfarin memiliki INR jauh di atas rentang target dan memar. Obat mana yang dapat diresepkan untuk membalikkan efeknya?

1. AProtamin sulfat
2. BNalokson
3. CAspirin
4. DVitamin K

Why is hypokalaemia particularly dangerous in a patient taking digoxin?

1. ALow potassium makes digoxin work too slowly
2. BLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
3. CDigoxin raises potassium to dangerous levels when it is already low
4. DLow potassium stops digoxin from being absorbed

Seorang pasien dengan infus heparin memiliki aPTT 110 detik; target protokol adalah 1,5–2,5 kali kontrol 30 detik. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMengikuti protokol heparin, memeriksa perdarahan, dan memberi tahu pemberi layanan
2. BMemberikan vitamin K sesuai resep dan melanjutkan infus
3. CMenaikkan kecepatan infus, karena hasilnya di atas rentang target
4. DMelanjutkan tanpa perubahan dan mengulang aPTT besok pagi

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor has nausea and fast breathing. Glucose 190 mg/dL (10,5 mmol/L), pH 7,15, bicarbonate 10 mEq/L, blood ketones high. What is the most likely diagnosis?

1. ASimple fasting ketosis only
2. BEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis
3. CHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
4. DRespiratory acidosis from COPD

1000 mL of IV fluid is to be given over 8 hours with a pump. What rate should be set?

1. A125 mL/h
2. B80 mL/h
3. C100 mL/h
4. D250 mL/h

A patient who used cocaine has chest pain, agitation, a high temperature, sweating, tachycardia and dilated pupils. Which drug class is commonly first-line for the agitation and sympathetic overactivity?

1. ABenzodiazepines
2. BAntihistamines
3. CAnticholinergic drugs
4. DOpioid antagonists

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
2. BTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma
3. CTo make the cough completely stop
4. DTo flush the bacteria out through the urine

Tiga minggu setelah infark miokard, seorang pasien mengalami demam, nyeri dada pleuritik yang mereda saat condong ke depan, dan gesekan perikardium. Kondisi mana yang paling mungkin?

1. AGagal ventrikel kiri akut
2. BSTEMI baru pada arteri lain
3. CDiseksi aorta akut
4. DSindrom pasca-infark miokard (Dressler)

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough the mouth (orogastric)
2. BThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
3. CThrough the nose (nasogastric)
4. DThrough the nose with a guidewire

A patient with a new arm fistula says their hand on that side is cold, pale and painful, especially during dialysis. What is the concern?

1. ANormal healing that needs no action
2. BFluid overload in the arm
3. CSteal syndrome, which needs urgent review
4. DAn allergic reaction to the dressing on the arm

Which presentation fits acute diverticulitis?

1. ARight upper abdominal pain after fatty meals
2. BPainless jaundice with a palpable gallbladder
3. CLeft lower abdominal pain, fever and a raised CRP
4. DCentral chest pain spreading to the left arm

Sepuluh hari setelah kemoterapi, seorang pasien bersuhu 37,6 °C tetapi merasa menggigil dan tidak sehat, dengan nadi 112/menit dan TD 95/60 mmHg. Tindakan yang benar apa?

1. ATangani sebagai kemungkinan sepsis neutropenik: antibiotik IV dalam satu jam
2. BMenenangkan pasien, karena suhu masih di bawah 38 °C
3. CMemberikan parasetamol dan memeriksa suhu lagi dalam empat jam
4. DMenunggu jumlah neutrofil sebelum memutuskan pengobatan apa pun

Which finding in a term newborn's first hours is normal?

1. APauses in breathing of 30 seconds with bradycardia
2. BShort breathing pauses with no colour change
3. CA respiratory rate of 80 at rest with retractions
4. DCentral cyanosis of the lips and tongue

At a booking visit, a woman says she drinks heavily most weekends. Which nursing response is most appropriate?

1. ATell her the damage is done, so stopping will not help
2. BReassure her that weekend drinking is safe if she avoids weekdays
3. CExplain the risks and refer her for support to stop
4. DAdvise her to change to beer, which has less alcohol

How should the nurse measure the heart rate of a 9-month-old?

1. ACount the radial pulse for 15 seconds and multiply by 4
2. BRead it from the pulse oximeter only
3. CCount the carotid pulse for 30 seconds and multiply by 2
4. DCount the apical pulse for a full minute

After a week in hospital without his parents, a 2-year-old has stopped crying for his mother, plays with the nurses and seems uninterested when she visits. Which stage of separation does this show?

1. ADetachment
2. BDespair
3. CNormal adjustment with no distress
4. DProtest

Rentang litium serum mana yang umum disebut sebagai rentang terapeutik pemeliharaan?

1. ASekitar 0,01 sampai 0,05 mmol/L
2. BSekitar 2,0 sampai 3,0 mmol/L (kadar lebih tinggi diperlukan untuk mania akut)
3. CSekitar 0,6 sampai 1,2 mmol/L (rentang target bervariasi antarpedoman)
4. DSekitar 3,5 sampai 5,0 mmol/L

A nurse is teaching a patient who has started haloperidol for schizophrenia. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I should get up slowly if I feel dizzy."
2. B"I'll avoid alcohol while I'm taking this medicine."
3. C"I can stop taking it as soon as the voices go away."
4. D"I should tell the nurse if my neck or jaw muscles feel stiff."

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang bayi baru lahir memiliki berat 9 lb 10 oz. Dengan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2,2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bulatkan ke dua tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Selama satu shift seorang pasien mengonsumsi 2 tsp dari sirup batuk, ½ fl oz dari jus, 1 tbsp dari suplemen cair, ½ cangkir dari teh. Dengan ekuivalen yang diberikan, cari total asupan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pasien berbobot 45 kg. Dosis yang diresepkan 20 mg/kg per hari, diberikan dalam 3 dosis yang sama. Berapa miligram D yang diberikan per dosis?

Anda harus menyiapkan 100 mL larutan 1% (b/v) dari larutan stok 50% (b/v). Berapa volume stok V₁ yang Anda perlukan?

Infus diresepkan pada 25 mL/h, tetapi tidak ada pompa. Infus berjalan dengan gravitasi melalui set infus 60 gtt/mL. Tentukan laju tetes R dalam tetes per menit.

Sebuah kantong berisi 400 mg obat dalam 50 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 20 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih). Hitung serpihan es setengah volumenya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 100 mL/h. Pada pukul 09:00, 150 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: berpegangan pada perabot; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Tim menargetkan tekanan arteri rata-rata minimal 70 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik seorang pasien adalah 128 mmHg. Dengan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, berapa tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberi MAP 70 mmHg?