Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

A patient has just finished a glass of iced water. How should this affect taking an oral temperature?

1. AUse the reading but only if the patient says they feel warm
2. BWait about 15–30 minutes, as the reading may be falsely low
3. CAdd half a degree to the reading to correct for the drink
4. DTake it straight away, as cold drinks do not affect the mouth

A nurse escalated a deteriorating patient, but the doctor has not come after 30 minutes and the patient is getting worse. What should the nurse do?

1. AWrite in the notes that the doctor did not come and do nothing else
2. BTreat the patient with drugs from the cupboard without a prescription
3. CWait, since the doctor has already been told
4. DEscalate further, for example to a senior doctor or the rapid response team

A patient cannot bear weight and cannot help with transfers. Which method is safest to move the patient from bed to chair?

1. AAsking the patient to stand and try their best
2. BA mechanical lift used by enough trained staff
3. COne nurse doing a standing pivot transfer
4. DTwo nurses lifting the patient under the arms

A nurse finds that a patient has been taking their own sleeping pills from a bedside drawer while also receiving a hypnotic from the ward. What should the nurse do?

1. ASecure the home medication per policy and inform the provider
2. BLet the patient keep them, since they are the patient’s own
3. CThrow the patient’s pills away in the bin
4. DStop giving the hospital hypnotic without telling the provider or the pharmacy

A drowsy patient has an arterial blood gas with pH 7,30, PaCO₂ 58 mmHg (7,7 kPa) and HCO₃⁻ 25 mEq/L (mmol/L). Which problem is the priority?

1. APoor ventilation causing carbon dioxide to build up
2. BLoss of bicarbonate from the bowel through severe diarrhea
3. CToo much bicarbonate from antacids
4. DHyperventilation caused by anxiety

Pasien mana yang harus pertama kali dieskalasi perawat ke tim respons cepat?

1. APasien infeksi saluran kemih yang baru bingung, dengan frekuensi napas 26/menit dan tekanan darah sistolik 94 mmHg
2. BPasien hipertensi yang diketahui dengan tekanan darah 152/94 mmHg dan merasa sehat
3. CPasien setelah operasi lutut dengan nyeri 6/10 dan tanda vital normal
4. DPasien selulitis dengan suhu 38,1 °C, dengan tanda vital lainnya normal

A nurse suspects that an older patient is being financially abused by a relative. What should the nurse do?

1. AKeep it secret because it is a family matter
2. BWait until the patient has been discharged
3. CConfront the relative directly at the bedside about it
4. DRaise the concern through the local safeguarding (adult protection) procedure

A patient with a confirmed pulmonary embolism is started on anticoagulation. Which statement best explains its purpose?

1. AIt stops the clot growing and prevents new clots while the body breaks it down
2. BIt thins the blood so that the lungs absorb more oxygen
3. CIt is mainly given to lower the blood pressure
4. DIt dissolves the clot completely within minutes of the first dose being given

A healthy patient has a mildly raised CK after running a marathon yesterday, without dark urine or symptoms. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AAn acute myocardial infarction has occurred
2. BStrenuous exercise raised CK from skeletal muscle
3. CThe patient has developed acute hepatitis
4. DThe patient has developed acute pancreatitis

An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
2. BAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
3. CPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
4. DContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week

A patient is due the first dose of IV cefuroxime. Which question is most important before giving it?

1. A"Have you taken paracetamol today?"
2. B"Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
3. C"Do you prefer the drip in your left arm or in your right arm?"
4. D"Have you eaten anything in the last two hours?"

In adult cardiac arrest with shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation, which antiarrhythmic is commonly given?

1. AAdenosine
2. BDigoxin
3. CVerapamil
4. DAmiodarone

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent orange discolouration of urine
2. BTo prevent gout attacks
3. CTo prevent loss of colour vision
4. DTo prevent peripheral neuropathy

A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?

1. AA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
2. BStopping all medicines, including inhalers
3. CEncouraging long walks to build fitness
4. DHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is

A man starts finasteride for an enlarged prostate. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt lowers the blood pressure, so dizziness is very common
2. BIt is used only for a few days at a time
3. CIt takes months to work; pregnant women must not handle broken tablets
4. DIt works within hours by relaxing the bladder muscle

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor is booked for major surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. AIt is usually paused in the days before surgery
2. BSurgery is not possible in patients taking this drug
3. CThe dose is usually doubled on the morning of surgery
4. DThe drug must be taken right up until the operation starts

Which statement correctly describes physical dependence on opioids?

1. AWithdrawal occurs if the drug is stopped suddenly
2. BThe patient is allergic to opioids
3. CThe patient always craves the drug and misuses it despite harm
4. DThe drug no longer has any side effects

A patient's platelet count is 18 × 10⁹/L (18,000/µL). Which order should the nurse question?

1. ADaily full blood count
2. BA soft diet with mouthwashes
3. CAn intramuscular injection
4. DOral paracetamol for headache

A woman with epilepsy is planning a pregnancy. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. ABreastfeeding will never be possible
2. BAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels
3. CStop all antiepileptic drugs before trying to conceive
4. DReview her medicines with her doctor before conception

Suhu aksila bayi baru lahir adalah 36,0 °C. Apa tindakan pertama yang paling tepat?

1. AMembiarkan bayi tanpa pakaian di boks bayi untuk mengamati warna kulit dengan cermat
2. BMenunggu observasi rutin berikutnya
3. CLangsung memandikan bayi dengan air hangat
4. DMenempatkan bayi kulit ke kulit dengan ibu, ditutupi selimut, dengan topi terpasang

The nurse uses a blood pressure cuff that is too small for a child's arm. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be falsely low
2. BThe cuff will not inflate at all
3. CThe reading will be accurate but slower to obtain
4. DThe reading will be falsely high

A 4-year-old says it is wrong to hit his sister "because then I get a time-out". Which level of Kohlberg's moral development does this reflect?

1. APostconventional level
2. BFormal operational level
3. CPreconventional level
4. DConventional level

Selain kadar litium, pemeriksaan mana yang dipantau secara teratur pada terapi litium jangka panjang?

1. AHanya kepadatan tulang
2. BFungsi ginjal dan fungsi tiroid
3. CTes pendengaran
4. DHanya fungsi paru

A nurse teaches a family member how to use a naloxone kit. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"Once I've given the naloxone, I don't need to call an ambulance."
2. B"I'll stay with him, because the overdose can come back."
3. C"I'll check his breathing and put him in the recovery position if he is breathing but still not awake."
4. D"If he doesn't respond, I may need to give a second dose."

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Perhitungan dosis untuk suntikan kecil menghasilkan 0,96445 mL. Aturan dalam latihan ini adalah volume di bawah 1 mL dibulatkan ke perseratusan mL terdekat. Nilai x berapa yang Anda catat?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah resep tertulis 2 tsp suspensi oral empat kali sehari selama 7 hari. Dengan 1 tsp = 5 mL, berapa mL V yang dibutuhkan untuk seluruh pengobatan?

Sebuah vial berisi 1 g serbuk. Labelnya menyatakan: tambahkan 4,2 mL air untuk injeksi sehingga volume totalnya 5 mL. Resepnya 200 mg. Berapa volume V larutan hasil rekonstitusi yang Anda berikan?

Seorang anak dengan berat badan 18 kg diresepkan 5 mg/kg per dosis suspensi oral yang mengandung 200 mg dalam 5 mL. Berapa volume V yang Anda berikan? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Infuskan 250 mL selama 10 jam dengan set 60 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit.

Sebuah kantong berisi 400 mg obat dalam 50 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 30 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Berat badan pasien 88 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 75 mL/h. Pada pukul 09:00, 150 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 30/menit, SpO₂ 97% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 124/74 mmHg, nadi 70/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 34,8 °C. Berapa total skor NEWS2?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 9/menit, SpO₂ 98% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 136/82 mmHg, nadi 58/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 37,1 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi