Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

A catheterised patient has had no urine in the bag for two hours. What should the nurse check first?

1. ANothing, as two hours without urine is normal
2. BThe tubing for kinks or blockage and where the bag is
3. CThe patient's blood glucose level and recent insulin doses
4. DWhether the patient has eaten or drunk anything recently

Temuan apa yang menunjukkan luka tekan kategori 1 sedang berkembang?

1. AKehilangan seluruh ketebalan kulit dengan lemak terlihat tetapi tanpa tulang yang terpapar
2. BKulit utuh dengan kemerahan yang tidak memucat di atas area bertulang
3. CTulang atau tendon terpapar
4. DLepuh terbuka dengan dasar merah

Why is blood glucose control important around the time of surgery?

1. AHigh glucose makes anesthetic drugs work for much longer and delays waking up
2. BHigh glucose impairs white cell function and raises the risk of surgical site infection
3. CLow glucose is needed around surgery so that the wound edges close more quickly
4. DGlucose levels only affect patients who have type 1 diabetes

Which action by assistive personnel requires the nurse to step in?

1. APutting soiled linen straight into a laundry bag at the bedside
2. BWashing hands with soap and water after leaving a C. difficile room
3. CRemoving gloves and then cleaning the hands with alcohol rub
4. DGoing from one patient’s bed to the next while wearing the same gloves

A patient has taken prednisone (prednisolone in many countries) for several months. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
2. B“I will take the tablets with food.”
3. C“I will report signs of infection early.”
4. D“I will tell my dentist and other doctors that I take a steroid.”

During a power cut, which patient is the nurse’s first priority?

1. AA patient watching television when it switched off
2. BA patient whose bed will not raise electrically
3. CA patient who depends on a ventilator
4. DA patient whose call light is not working

Which group of symptoms suggests hypercalcaemia?

1. ASweating, tremor and sudden hunger
2. BTingling lips, muscle cramps and spasms of the hands and feet
3. CThirst, constipation, confusion and abdominal pain
4. DWeight gain, feeling cold and a slow pulse

A patient with diabetes is found confused with slurred speech and weakness on one side. What should the nurse check first?

1. ASerum cholesterol
2. BUrine output for the last day
3. CBody mass index
4. DCapillary blood glucose

Terapi mana yang menurunkan kalium serum dengan memindahkannya ke dalam sel?

1. ASuplemen kalium klorida oral
2. BInfus natrium klorida 0,45% IV
3. CKalsium glukonat IV yang diberikan selama 10 menit
4. DInsulin reguler IV yang diberikan bersama glukosa

A patient's AST is about twice the ALT, both moderately raised, and the GGT is high. Which cause is most likely?

1. AGallstone blocking the bile duct
2. BAcute myocardial infarction
3. CAlcohol-related liver disease
4. DAcute viral hepatitis A

How should the nurse straighten the ear canal to give ear drops to a 2-year-old child?

1. APull the pinna up and back
2. BLeave the ear untouched and drop into the canal
3. CPull the pinna down and back
4. DPush the pinna forward and up

A patient with latent tuberculosis feels well and is not infectious. Why is treatment such as isoniazid still offered?

1. ATo stop the patient spreading TB at the moment
2. BTo produce a negative skin test quickly
3. CTo prevent progression to active TB later
4. DTo cure an active lung infection

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food
2. BOnly when they have diarrhoea
3. COnly at bedtime
4. DWith all meals and snacks that contain fat

A nurse looked after a patient for a shift before smear-positive pulmonary TB was diagnosed, without wearing a respirator. What should happen?

1. AStart a full six-month course of TB drugs at once without any tests
2. BReport it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening
3. CTake no action, as healthcare workers are immune to TB
4. DStay off work for six months in case symptoms develop

Why must Parkinson's medicines be given on time in hospital?

1. ALate doses can soon cause stiffness, falls and poor swallowing
2. BLate doses build up in the blood and cause an overdose
3. CLate doses cause the patient to develop high blood glucose
4. DGiving them on time prevents the disease from getting worse

Seorang pasien dialisis peritoneal menyadari bahwa cairan yang keluar lebih sedikit daripada yang dimasukkan. Ia belum buang air besar selama empat hari, dan efluen jernih. Apa penyebab yang paling mungkin?

1. APeritonitis bakteri
2. BPenyerapan normal tanpa perlu tindakan
3. CDialisat diberikan terlalu dingin
4. DKonstipasi yang menghalangi aliran keluar

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting
2. BPain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating
3. CPain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
4. DPain straight after eating that is worsened by food

A patient with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly eased, but an hour later has a temperature of 38,9 °C, a rigid abdomen and a pulse of 118/min. What does this suggest?

1. APerforation with peritonitis
2. BThe appendicitis has settled by itself
3. CSimple constipation that needs a laxative
4. DA side effect of the analgesia given

A woman in late pregnancy has numbness and tingling in her thumb and first fingers, worse at night. What is the most likely cause?

1. ACarpal tunnel syndrome
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CLow blood calcium
4. DA stroke caused by pre-eclampsia

A woman with a fourth-degree tear is being discharged. Which instruction is appropriate?

1. AUse rectal suppositories each day to prevent constipation
2. BDo strong straining exercises to strengthen the muscles
3. CTake rectal temperatures twice daily
4. DUse stool softeners and avoid suppositories and enemas

Which finding suggests repeated self-induced vomiting?

1. AA butterfly rash on the cheeks and patchy hair loss
2. BCalluses on the knuckles and loss of tooth enamel
3. CYellow skin, itching and dark urine
4. DSwelling of the ankles and puffy eyes

A child with a new forearm cast has severe pain not relieved by analgesia and screams when the nurse gently moves the fingers. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ANormal pain after a fracture; give more time
2. BCompartment syndrome; report it at once
3. CItching under the cast; give an antihistamine
4. DAnxiety; distract the child with play

Seorang pasien menjawab pertanyaan tentang sarapan: "Telur berasal dari ayam, ayam hidup di peternakan, paman saya punya peternakan, dia mengendarai traktor merah…" dan tidak pernah menjawab. Apa sebutannya?

1. ASalad kata (word salad)
2. BSirkumstansialitas
3. CPemblokiran pikiran
4. DTangensialitas

A patient with borderline personality disorder and frequent self-harm says, "I'm going to kill myself tonight," after an argument on the phone. A colleague says, "She always says that." What should the nurse do?

1. AAgree with the colleague and take no action at all
2. BTell the patient she is only seeking attention
3. CCarry out a full suicide risk assessment, as with any patient who expresses suicidal intent
4. DWait until the next morning to see if she still feels the same once the argument has settled down

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Suhu seorang pasien adalah 37,7 °C. Konversikan ke derajat Fahrenheit T dengan °F = °C × 9/5 + 32. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Selama satu shift seorang pasien mengonsumsi 3 tsp dari sirup batuk, 1 fl oz dari jus, 3 tbsp dari suplemen cair. Dengan ekuivalen yang diberikan, cari total asupan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang anak dengan berat 12 kg diresepkan 5 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 50 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Resepnya 1380 mikrogram. Ampul mengandung 2 mg/mL. Tarik dosis dalam alat suntik 1 mL: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infus diresepkan pada 200 mL/h, tetapi tidak ada pompa. Infus berjalan dengan gravitasi melalui set infus 15 gtt/mL. Tentukan laju tetes R dalam tetes per menit.

Infus menetes dengan laju 50 tts/menit melalui set 60 tts/mL. Tersisa 400 mL di kantong. Berapa jam t lagi hingga kosong?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Berat badan pasien 100 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dimulai pada pukul 10:15 dan dijalankan dengan pompa pada 120 mL/h. Berapa mL V yang tersisa di kantong pada pukul 11:15?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan setelah cedera kepala membuka mata hanya terhadap tekanan (rangsang nyeri), mengucapkan kata-kata yang tidak sesuai dan acak, dan menunjukkan respons motorik terbaik: ekstensi lengan dan tungkai (ekstensi abnormal). Hitung GCS dan klasifikasikan cedera kepala berdasarkan GCS tersebut. Klik jawaban Anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sedang
3. 3berat

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 28/menit, SpO₂ 97% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 112/68 mmHg, nadi 98/menit, hanya merespons nyeri, suhu 35,5 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi