Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

How is a pulse deficit measured?

1. AOne nurse counts the apical pulse for 15 seconds and multiplies by four
2. BOne nurse counts the radial pulse twice and compares the two counts
3. CThe pulse oximeter rate is compared with the blood pressure reading
4. DTwo nurses count the apical and radial pulse at the same time for one minute

Why must medicines for Parkinson's disease, such as levodopa, be given on time?

1. AThe drug becomes poisonous if it is given late
2. BLate doses cause the patient to fall asleep
3. CLate doses can cause severe stiffness, falls and swallowing problems
4. DThe timing does not matter as long as the full daily total is given

Why should a child’s weight be recorded only in kilograms?

1. AScales that show kilograms are always more accurate than those that show pounds
2. BMixing up pounds and kilograms can lead to large dosing errors
3. CChildren weigh less, so smaller units are needed
4. DKilograms are easier for parents to remember

During a procedure, a nurse sees that the team is about to start without a time-out. What should the nurse do?

1. AWait and raise the issue after the procedure is finished
2. BReport it to the manager at the end of the week
3. CSay nothing, because the surgeon is responsible for the procedure
4. DSpeak up clearly and stop the start until the time-out is done

A nurse has given rapid-acting insulin, and then learns that the patient’s meal tray will be 45 minutes late. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a second, smaller dose of insulin when the meal tray finally arrives
2. BAsk the patient to walk around the ward until the food arrives
3. CTell the patient to wait and do nothing until the tray comes
4. DGet the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose

A patient was knocked out briefly in a fall, then woke and talked normally. Two hours later the patient becomes drowsy and one pupil is larger. What is the most likely cause?

1. AAn epidural hematoma
2. BLow blood sugar from missing a meal
3. CA mild concussion that is settling
4. DNormal tiredness after a fall

Which lifestyle advice helps a patient with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease?

1. AEat one very large meal a day rather than several small ones
2. BLie down straight after each meal to let the food settle
3. CWear tight belts to support the stomach
4. DAvoid large meals late in the evening and raise the head of the bed

A patient with known prostate cancer reports new back pain, leg weakness and difficulty passing urine. What should be suspected?

1. ASimple mechanical back pain
2. BMetastatic spinal cord compression
3. CA urinary tract infection spreading to the back
4. DHypokalaemia

A patient with HIV on antiretroviral therapy has an undetectable viral load. What does this mean?

1. AThe virus has been completely cured and removed
2. BThe CD4 count must now be dangerously low too
3. CThe treatment can now be stopped without any risk
4. DThe treatment is suppressing the virus very well

A patient with a heart murmur and fever has three sets of blood cultures, taken hours apart, all growing the same Streptococcus species. What does this suggest?

1. AContamination of all three samples during collection
2. BPersistent bacteremia, as in infective endocarditis
3. CA normal finding in patients with heart murmurs
4. DA urinary tract infection that has spread to the skin

Tanda mana yang khas untuk toksisitas opioid?

1. ANapas cepat dan dalam
2. BSuhu tubuh tinggi
3. CPupil sangat melebar
4. DPupil pinpoint

A nurse calculates a child's dose and finds it is ten times higher than the usual range in the drug reference. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the dose, because the prescriber is responsible for the order
2. BGive half the dose as a compromise
3. CGive one tenth of the dose without telling anyone
4. DWithhold it, recheck the calculation and clarify with the prescriber

A pulse oximeter on a patient's finger gives an unreliable, flickering reading. Which factor is the most likely cause?

1. AA regular heart rate of 75 beats per minute
2. BThe patient sitting upright in a chair
3. CCold hands with poor peripheral circulation
4. DThe patient having eaten recently

During a cardiac arrest, the monitor shows an organised rhythm, but there is no pulse. What should the team do?

1. ADeliver an unsynchronised shock at once and then check the pulse
2. BGive adenosine to slow the rhythm down
3. CStop CPR, because an organised rhythm on the monitor means recovery
4. DContinue CPR and give adrenaline (epinephrine), as the rhythm is non-shockable

Which symptoms are typical of hypokalaemia?

1. AMuscle weakness, cramps and palpitations
2. BTingling lips and facial twitching
3. CHeat intolerance and weight loss
4. DExcess thirst and very high glucose

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AReassure him, because the blood has stopped
2. BUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
3. CAdvise more fluids and review in a year
4. DAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them
2. BThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
3. CThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
4. DThey make the stool sample test positive falsely

Pada hari ke-3 setelah operasi pinggul, seorang pasien lansia menjadi bingung akut, dengan perhatian yang berfluktuasi dan agitasi. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat pertama kali?

1. AMencari penyebab seperti hipoksia, infeksi, nyeri, atau obat, dan mengeskalasi
2. BMerestrain pasien dan memberikan sedatif dosis besar segera
3. CMeminta keluarga membawa pasien pulang agar tenang
4. DMengasumsikan itu demensia dan melanjutkan rencana perawatan tanpa perubahan

A woman at 16 weeks has an amniocentesis. Which instruction after the procedure is correct?

1. ADrink no fluids for 24 hours
2. BBed rest is required for 2 weeks
3. CReport fever, leaking fluid or bleeding
4. DNo follow-up is needed for any symptoms

A newborn in the first hours sneezes, has a high-pitched cry, tremors and loose stools. The mother took opioids throughout pregnancy. Which intervention is most appropriate first?

1. AGiving naloxone to reverse the opioids
2. BWithholding feeds until the symptoms settle
3. CBright lights and frequent handling to keep the baby awake
4. DA quiet, dim room, swaddling and small, frequent feeds

A newborn is still wet a few minutes after birth. Which heat-loss mechanism is the main concern, and how is it prevented?

1. AConduction; place the baby on a cold firm surface
2. BConvection; leave the baby uncovered in a draught
3. CEvaporation; dry the baby straight away, including the head
4. DRadiation; move the cot close to an outside window

A child treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) for Kawasaki disease is due her MMR vaccine next week. What should the nurse know?

1. AMMR can be given safely the same day as the next IVIG dose
2. BLive vaccines are usually delayed for several months after IVIG
3. CMMR should be given early, because IVIG weakens the immune system
4. DIVIG makes vaccines unnecessary, so MMR can be skipped

When is the best time to teach a patient with an anxiety disorder a relaxation technique?

1. ADuring a panic attack, when the patient needs it most
2. BOnly after the patient has been discharged from hospital
3. CWhen the patient's anxiety is severe, so that the effect can be seen clearly
4. DWhen the patient's anxiety is at a mild level

Lima hari setelah mulai mengonsumsi haloperidol, seorang pasien bersuhu 40 °C, anggota geraknya kaku, bingung, tekanan darahnya berfluktuasi, dan berkeringat. Apa yang pertama kali harus dilakukan perawat?

1. AMemberikan dosis haloperidol lagi untuk menenangkannya
2. BMenganjurkannya berolahraga untuk mengurangi kekakuan
3. CMenahan antipsikotik dan segera meminta bantuan medis
4. DMemberikan parasetamol untuk demam dan memeriksa ulang observasi dalam 4 jam

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Perhitungan dosis untuk suntikan kecil menghasilkan 0,68168 mL. Aturan dalam latihan ini adalah volume di bawah 1 mL dibulatkan ke perseratusan mL terdekat. Nilai x berapa yang Anda catat?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Selama satu shift seorang pasien mengonsumsi 3 tbsp dari suplemen cair, 3 fl oz dari jus, 2 cangkir dari teh, 1½ tsp dari sirup batuk. Dengan ekuivalen yang diberikan, cari total asupan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang pasien berbobot 70 kg. Dosis yang diresepkan 5 mg/kg per hari, diberikan dalam 3 dosis yang sama. Berapa miligram D yang diberikan per dosis?

Resepnya 460 mikrogram. Ampul mengandung 1 mg/mL. Tarik dosis dalam alat suntik 1 mL: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Sebuah infus menetes 30 gtt/min melalui set 60 gtt/mL. Berapa mililiter V yang diterima pasien dalam 2 jam?

Infus berisi 25 mg dalam 250 mL berjalan pada 3 mL/h. Berapa mikrogram per menit D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Berat badan pasien 60 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 500 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 100 mL/h. Pada pukul 12:30, 100 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan setelah cedera kepala membuka mata hanya terhadap tekanan (rangsang nyeri), hanya mengeluarkan suara yang tidak dapat dimengerti seperti mengerang, dan menunjukkan respons motorik terbaik: tidak ada gerakan sama sekali. Hitung GCS dan klasifikasikan cedera kepala berdasarkan GCS tersebut. Klik jawaban Anda.

1. 1ringan
2. 2sedang
3. 3berat

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 18/menit, SpO₂ 97% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 130/78 mmHg, nadi 132/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 36,7 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi