Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

How should adhesive tape be removed from an older patient's fragile skin?

1. ASlowly, low and close to the skin, while supporting the skin
2. BBy pulling it away from the wound as hard as possible
3. CAfter wetting it with alcohol rub
4. DQuickly in one firm pull, straight upwards and away from the skin

Target saturasi oksigen seorang pasien adalah 88–92%. Kondisi apa yang paling mungkin menjelaskan target yang lebih rendah ini?

1. APPOK dengan risiko hiperkapnia
2. BSerangan asma pada dewasa muda
3. CPneumonia pada pasien yang sebelumnya sehat tanpa penyakit paru kronis
4. DKeracunan karbon monoksida

Which nursing care reduces the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?

1. ALeaving secretions in the mouth to protect the airway
2. BChanging the ventilator circuit every few hours
3. CLying the patient flat for most of the day
4. DRegular oral care to reduce bacteria in the mouth

During flu season, a nurse wakes up with fever, cough and muscle aches. What is the best action?

1. ATake an antipyretic so the fever does not show at work
2. BGo to work but avoid caring for patients who have weak immune systems
3. CGo to work but wear a surgical mask for the whole shift
4. DStay home and inform the employer according to the illness policy

Seorang pasien yang baru diberi tahu menderita kanker menangis, tetapi juga muntah beberapa kali dan tidak dapat menahan cairan. Apa yang ditangani perawat lebih dulu?

1. AMuntah dan kehilangan cairan
2. BMenghubungi rohaniwan rumah sakit
3. CDukungan emosional tentang diagnosis
4. DEdukasi tentang kemoterapi

Which patient with cirrhosis should the nurse see first?

1. ALong-standing jaundice and itchy skin, asking for cream
2. BLarge ascites that is unchanged from yesterday
3. CVomiting bright red blood, heart rate 120/min
4. DWants to talk about stopping drinking alcohol for good

A patient taking a statin reports unexplained muscle pain and weakness. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure them that this is a sign the drug is working
2. BTell them to double the dose
3. CAdvise more vigorous exercise to work through it
4. DReport it, as statins can cause muscle damage

Why should "units" never be abbreviated to "U" or "IU" on an insulin prescription?

1. AThe abbreviation is only allowed on prescriptions for children
2. BThe letters can be misread as a zero, causing a tenfold overdose
3. CIt changes the type of insulin given
4. DPharmacists cannot dispense insulin written that way

A patient has started parenteral nutrition (PN) through a central line. Which test is monitored most frequently in the first days?

1. AHemoglobin A1c
2. BThyroid hormones
3. CSerum lipase
4. DBlood glucose

A patient has fever, chills, flank pain and costovertebral angle tenderness. Urinalysis shows many white cells and white cell casts. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute pyelonephritis
2. BNephrotic syndrome
3. CGlomerulonephritis
4. DSimple cystitis

Makrolida seperti klaritromisin bekerja dengan:

1. AMenghambat sintesis dinding sel
2. BMenghambat DNA girase
3. CMemblokir sintesis asam folat
4. DMengikat subunit ribosom 50S untuk menghambat sintesis protein

A child has a tonic–clonic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes at home and has no IV access. Which drug can be given first by a trained carer or paramedic?

1. ABuccal or intranasal midazolam
2. BOral paracetamol syrup
3. COral phenytoin tablets crushed in water
4. DIntramuscular morphine

How does varenicline help people stop smoking?

1. AIt makes cigarettes taste of metal so smoking feels unpleasant
2. BIt replaces nicotine through the skin, like a nicotine patch
3. CIt speeds the clearance of nicotine by the liver
4. DIt partly stimulates and partly blocks nicotine receptors

A patient taking warfarin for AF falls and hits their head. An hour later they are drowsy and have vomited. What is the priority?

1. AGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and a light meal
2. BWithhold tonight's warfarin and review tomorrow
3. CUrgent escalation for CT of the head and anticoagulant reversal
4. DEncourage sleep and check observations at the next routine time

An older patient with a long-term catheter has bacteria in the urine but no symptoms. What is usually appropriate?

1. AA full course of antibiotics straight away
2. BRemove the catheter permanently at once
3. CAntibiotics for life to keep the urine sterile
4. DNo antibiotics, as long as there are no symptoms

A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?

1. AThe potassium, because it may rise
2. BThe INR, because it may rise
3. CThe urine output, because it may stop
4. DThe blood glucose, because it may fall

A patient on warfarin is booked for elective surgery with a high bleeding risk. What is usual practice?

1. ADouble the dose for a week so the blood is ready for surgery
2. BSwap to aspirin on the morning of surgery
3. CTake the usual dose on the morning of surgery
4. DStop it about 5 days before and check the INR

A nurse teaches a patient after a colonoscopy with polyp removal. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll report heavy bleeding from my bottom."
2. B"Severe abdominal pain is normal for a week afterwards."
3. C"Some wind and bloating today is expected."
4. D"I should report a fever or a swollen, painful abdomen."

Why is indomethacin generally not used as a tocolytic after about 32 weeks?

1. AIt can close the fetal ductus arteriosus too early
2. BIt causes severe maternal hypertension
3. CIt stimulates stronger contractions late in pregnancy
4. DIt triggers maternal hypoglycaemia

A woman 1 day after a caesarean asks how to hold her baby for breastfeeding without pressure on her wound. Which position is best?

1. ALying flat on her back with the baby on her abdomen
2. BThe football (rugby) hold or side-lying
3. CStanding up while breastfeeding
4. DThe cradle hold with the baby across the incision

Which group of findings suggests Kawasaki disease?

1. ALow-grade fever, a barking cough and stridor that are worse at night
2. BFever for at least 5 days, red eyes without discharge, cracked red lips and swollen hands and feet
3. CFever with an itchy vesicular rash that starts on the trunk, spreads outwards and crusts over within days
4. DHigh fever for 3 days, then a pink rash as the fever settles

A 10-year-old with cystic fibrosis is going to play football on a hot day. What should the nurse teach?

1. AAvoid all exercise, because it damages the lungs
2. BSkip the pancreatic enzymes on sports days to avoid stomach cramps
3. CDrink more and add extra salt, because more salt is lost in sweat
4. DRestrict fluids to prevent extra mucus

Which feature helps distinguish normal grief from major depression?

1. AIn grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept
2. BIn grief, the person feels worthless and hopeless all the time
3. CIn grief, the person cannot feel any positive emotions or enjoy any memories of the person who died
4. DGrief always lasts less than 2 weeks

A woman with PTSD after a sexual assault by a man becomes distressed when a male nurse is assigned to her. What is the most appropriate response?

1. ALeave her without a named nurse until she calms down
2. BTell her that she must learn to face her fears
3. CInsist that she accept the male nurse, as all staff are professional
4. DAssign a female nurse where possible and explain her care plan to her

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien memiliki tinggi 4 ft 10 in. Dengan 1 ft = 12 in dan 1 in = 2,54 cm, cari tinggi h dalam sentimeter, ke sentimeter bulat terdekat.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Selama satu shift seorang pasien mengonsumsi 1½ tbsp dari suplemen cair, ¼ cangkir dari teh, 1 tsp dari sirup batuk. Dengan ekuivalen yang diberikan, cari total asupan oral V dalam mL.

Seorang anak dengan berat 29 kg diresepkan 4 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 20 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Resepnya 0,34 mg. Ampul mengandung 1000 mikrogram per mL. Tarik dosis dalam alat suntik 1 mL: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infus diresepkan pada 30 mL/h, tetapi tidak ada pompa. Infus berjalan dengan gravitasi melalui set infus 60 gtt/mL. Tentukan laju tetes R dalam tetes per menit.

100 mg obat diencerkan dalam 100 mL dan diberikan dengan gravitasi melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Resepnya 60 mg per jam. Tentukan laju tetes R dalam tetes per menit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Berat badan pasien 47 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 1000 mL dimulai pada pukul 13:15 dan dijalankan dengan pompa pada 100 mL/h. Berapa mL V yang tersisa di kantong pada pukul 19:45?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi sensorik: tidak ada gangguan; kelembapan: kadang-kadang lembap; aktivitas: terbaring di tempat tidur; mobilitas: sangat terbatas; nutrisi: sangat buruk; gesekan dan geseran: berpotensi bermasalah. Cari total Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, tirah baring, atau kursi roda; status mental: mengetahui batas kemampuannya. Dengan batas 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sedang, dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tingkat risiko jatuhnya.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sedang
3. 3risiko tinggi