Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

A patient has just finished a glass of iced water. How should this affect taking an oral temperature?

1. AAdd half a degree to the reading to correct for the drink
2. BUse the reading but only if the patient says they feel warm
3. CWait about 15–30 minutes, as the reading may be falsely low
4. DTake it straight away, as cold drinks do not affect the mouth

A small fire starts in a patient's room. What is the first action?

1. AMove the patient away from immediate danger
2. BOpen the windows to let out the smoke
3. CTry to put out the fire with water
4. DGo and find the fire safety officer to ask what should be done

A parent says, “I tell my son his medicine is candy so he takes it.” What should the nurse teach?

1. AIt is fine as long as the medicine is kept in the fridge
2. BThis is a good idea and makes giving medicine easier
3. CDo not call medicine candy, because the child may take it when no one is watching
4. DIt only matters for medicines that taste bitter or are hard to swallow

In a US hospital (CMS rules), a patient keeps pulling at an endotracheal tube, and alternatives have failed. The nurse applies wrist restraints in an emergency. What must happen next?

1. AAsk the family to sign a consent form instead of an order
2. BObtain a time-limited order for the restraint promptly, following policy
3. CAsk the provider for a PRN restraint order to use as needed
4. DKeep the restraints on without an order until the patient is calm

Which postoperative patient should the nurse see first?

1. APain of 4/10 one hour after an oral analgesic
2. BAsking when the urinary catheter will be removed
3. CWants help with washing her hair before her visitors arrive this afternoon
4. DDressing soaked with bright red blood and a heart rate rising to 118/min

A patient has a heart rate of 38/min, feels dizzy and has a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg. Which drug is usually given first, as prescribed?

1. AMetoprolol
2. BDiltiazem
3. CDigoxin
4. DAtropine

After a needlestick injury from a patient known to have HIV, why must the nurse report it immediately?

1. AThe patient will need antibiotics
2. BThe needle must be sent for culture
3. CPost-exposure prophylaxis works best when started as soon as possible
4. DThe nurse must be tested for HIV the same day to confirm infection

A conscious patient with hypoglycaemia was given fast-acting carbohydrate. On re-check 15 minutes later the blood glucose is 3,6 mmol/L (65 mg/dL). What should the nurse do next?

1. ATake no action because the level is rising
2. BGive a long-acting carbohydrate snack only and recheck tomorrow
3. CGive a dose of subcutaneous insulin
4. DGive another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck

A patient with type 2 diabetes has a target HbA1c below 7% (53 mmol/mol). Today's result is 7,8% (62 mmol/mol). What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe result shows today's fasting glucose is above the target
2. BThe patient has had frequent episodes of severe hypoglycemia
3. CGlucose control has been excellent for the past several months
4. DAverage glucose over the past months has been above the target

A patient's total calcium is 7,6 mg/dL and the albumin is 2,0 g/dL. Using the common correction (add 0,8 mg/dL for each 1 g/dL that albumin is below 4,0), what is the corrected calcium?

1. A9,2 mg/dL, within the normal range
2. B6,0 mg/dL, well below the normal range
3. C11,6 mg/dL, above the normal range
4. D7,6 mg/dL, below the normal range

Which technique is correct when giving subcutaneous enoxaparin from a prefilled syringe?

1. AExpel the air bubble from the syringe first, then inject into the deltoid muscle
2. BInject into the abdomen away from the navel and do not rub the site afterwards
3. CMassage the site well for one minute after the injection
4. DInject into a vein on the back of the hand

A woman with epilepsy who takes an antiepileptic drug plans to become pregnant. Which advice is standard?

1. ANo change is needed, as antiepileptics carry no risk in pregnancy
2. BStop all antiepileptic drugs straight away as soon as she stops contraception
3. CTake folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication
4. DAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels

What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

1. AA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly
2. BA blocked pulmonary artery
3. CA leaking aortic valve
4. DA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole

During CPR on an adult, a nurse notices a colleague compressing at about 140/min and leaning on the chest between compressions. Which correction is most appropriate?

1. ASpeed up to about 160/min to improve the blood flow
2. BPress more gently, to a depth of about 2 cm
3. CSlow to 100–120/min and allow full chest recoil
4. DStop compressions until a pulse is felt

A patient with a spinal cord injury can still feel a light touch around the anus. What does this show?

1. AThe sensation is only a spinal reflex and has no real meaning for recovery
2. BThe injury is complete, and recovery is not possible
3. CThe injury is incomplete, which suggests a better chance of recovery
4. DThe patient has an injury of the brain, not the cord

Which task for a patient with a urinary catheter can the nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether the catheter can be removed
2. BEmptying the drainage bag and recording the volume
3. CAssessing a patient whose irrigation is not draining
4. DTeaching self-catheterisation for the first time

Apa perbedaan klinis utama antara obstruksi usus halus dan usus besar?

1. AUsus halus: hanya distensi nyata; usus besar: tanpa nyeri, tanpa muntah, dan tanpa distensi sama sekali
2. BUsus halus: muntah dini, distensi lebih sedikit; usus besar: muntah lebih lambat, distensi nyata
3. CUsus halus: tidak ada muntah sama sekali; usus besar: muntah deras dini tanpa distensi
4. DTidak ada perbedaan klinis; hanya CT scan yang dapat membedakannya

A patient with gastric outlet obstruction has vomited repeatedly for several days. Which blood picture is most likely?

1. AHigh calcium, high sodium and respiratory acidosis
2. BLow chloride, low potassium and metabolic alkalosis
3. CHigh chloride, high potassium and metabolic acidosis
4. DNormal electrolytes with respiratory alkalosis

A woman at 24 weeks says she craves eating ice and clay. What should the nurse assess for?

1. AGestational diabetes
2. BIron deficiency anaemia
3. CThyroid overactivity
4. DPre-eclampsia with severe features

A woman at 29 weeks is in preterm labour and is given magnesium sulfate. What is the main reason for giving it at this gestation?

1. ATo prevent eclamptic seizures
2. BTo speed up fetal lung maturation
3. CTo reduce the baby's risk of cerebral palsy
4. DTo treat a urinary tract infection

A child has impetigo. Which advice helps to stop it spreading?

1. AShare flannels and towels so the whole family is treated
2. BUse separate towels, wash hands often and keep nails short
3. CPick the crusts off daily so the skin heals faster
4. DCover the crusts with a thick layer of petroleum jelly and leave them

A 3-year-old says the IV pump "is angry" when it beeps. Which feature of thinking does this show?

1. AAnimism, typical of preoperational thinking
2. BObject permanence, typical of the sensorimotor stage
3. CAbstract reasoning, typical of formal operations
4. DConservation, typical of concrete operations

Which action reflects trauma-informed care?

1. AMaking all decisions for the patient so that she does not feel burdened
2. BAsking the patient to repeat the full trauma story to each new staff member
3. CExplaining each procedure in advance and offering choices wherever possible
4. DUsing physical restraint early to prevent any loss of control

On the day after hip surgery, a 58-year-old patient has a new tremor, sweating, anxiety and a fast pulse. He did not report any alcohol use on admission. What should the nurse do?

1. AAssume he has post-operative pain and give extra analgesia only
2. BWait until the next day to see if the symptoms go away on their own once his pain is better controlled
3. CTell him that his symptoms are normal after hip surgery
4. DAsk him and his family about his alcohol use and the time of his last drink, and report the findings

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang bayi baru lahir memiliki berat 6 lb 15 oz. Dengan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2,2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bulatkan ke dua tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah resep tertulis 1 tbsp suspensi oral empat kali sehari selama 14 hari. Dengan 1 tbsp = 15 mL, berapa mL V yang dibutuhkan untuk seluruh pengobatan?

Seorang anak dengan berat 19 kg diresepkan 4 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 20 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Resepnya 1200 mikrogram. Ampul mengandung 2 mg/mL. Tarik dosis dalam alat suntik 1 mL: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 12 jam dengan set 20 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Sebuah kantong berisi 400 mg obat dalam 100 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 30 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Berat badan pasien 62 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 1000 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 80 mL/h. Pada pukul 17:30, 600 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: berpegangan pada perabot; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: normal, tirah baring, atau kursi roda; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: ya; cara berjalan: normal, tirah baring, atau kursi roda; status mental: mengetahui batas kemampuannya. Dengan batas 0–24 rendah, 25–44 sedang, dan 45 atau lebih tinggi, klik tingkat risiko jatuhnya.

1. 1risiko rendah
2. 2risiko sedang
3. 3risiko tinggi