Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Why does long-term immobility increase the risk of kidney stones?

1. ACalcium released from bone raises the calcium in the urine
2. BLying flat makes the kidneys produce extra uric acid
3. CPatients on bed rest drink too much fluid
4. DThe kidneys stop producing urine during bed rest

The intact skin over a patient's heel is deep purple and feels boggy. What should be suspected?

1. AA suspected deep tissue injury
2. BA normal bruise from a minor knock
3. CA fungal skin infection
4. DA category 1 pressure ulcer that will heal by itself

Which practice is safe when transferring a patient from a bed to a stretcher?

1. ALeave the stretcher wheels unlocked so it can move with the patient
2. BHave the patient slide across without help or a slide sheet
3. CLock the wheels of both the bed and the stretcher before moving the patient
4. DLower the stretcher side rails during transport

A nurse calls a provider using SBAR about a patient with falling blood pressure. Which statement is the “Recommendation”?

1. A“I think he needs to be assessed now. Can you come within the next 15 minutes?”
2. B“His blood pressure has fallen from 130/80 to 88/50 over the last two hours.”
3. C“He is 72 and had a bowel resection yesterday.”
4. D“I am calling about Mr. Jansen in room 12, who is hypotensive.”

Straight after birth, what is the first priority for a healthy-looking newborn?

1. AGive the first bath to remove the blood and vernix
2. BGive the vitamin K injection before anything else is done
3. CDry and warm the baby while checking that it is breathing
4. DWeigh and measure the baby on the scale

A patient in acute mania paces constantly, has lost weight and will not sit down to eat. Which intervention is most helpful?

1. ALeave meals in the room and let the patient eat whenever and whatever they choose
2. BOffer high-calorie finger foods and drinks the patient can take while moving
3. CWait until the mania settles before worrying about nutrition
4. DInsist that the patient sits at the table until the meal is finished

A patient with sickle cell disease is admitted with a painful crisis. What is a key early nursing priority?

1. ADelaying pain relief until a diagnosis is confirmed
2. BApplying cold packs to the painful areas
3. CGiving prompt, effective analgesia
4. DRestricting oral fluids

Which drug group is first-line for a prolonged convulsive seizure?

1. AOpioids, such as morphine or diamorphine, given intravenously
2. BBeta-blockers, such as bisoprolol or atenolol
3. CAntihistamines, such as chlorphenamine
4. DBenzodiazepines, such as buccal midazolam or IV lorazepam

A patient on warfarin for atrial fibrillation has a target INR of 2,0–3,0. How does the usual target for a patient with a mechanical mitral valve compare?

1. AThe same, 2,0–3,0
2. BHigher, about 2,5–3,5
3. CMuch higher, about 5,0–6,0
4. DLower, about 1,0–1,5

Seorang pasien dengan trombosis vena dalam baru menerima infus heparin, dan warfarin baru saja dimulai. Mengapa heparin dilanjutkan selama beberapa hari?

1. AHeparin mencegah efek samping warfarin
2. BWarfarin hanya bekerja bila heparin diberikan pada saat yang sama
3. CWarfarin memerlukan beberapa hari untuk mencapai efek antikoagulan penuhnya
4. DHeparin meningkatkan penyerapan warfarin dari usus

A patient is due the first dose of IV cefuroxime. Which question is most important before giving it?

1. A"Have you eaten anything in the last two hours?"
2. B"Do you prefer the drip in your left arm or in your right arm?"
3. C"Have you ever had a reaction to penicillin or another antibiotic?"
4. D"Have you taken paracetamol today?"

A patient who uses insulin is taught sick-day rules. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will check my blood glucose and ketones more often while I am ill."
2. B"If I am ill and not eating, I will stop my insulin completely."
3. C"I will keep drinking fluids, even if I cannot eat much."
4. D"I will seek help if I keep vomiting or have ketones."

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. ABiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
2. BMechanical valves wear out within one year
3. CMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
4. DBoth types need no medicines after surgery

A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARemove the inner cannula
2. BGive a nebulised bronchodilator
3. CInflate the cuff with more air
4. DIncrease the oxygen and wait

An 82-year-old taking apixaban fell three weeks ago. Since then their family has noticed increasing confusion and headaches. Which condition is most likely?

1. AChronic subdural haematoma
2. BAcute extradural haematoma
3. CNormal ageing with mild memory loss
4. DSubarachnoid haemorrhage from an aneurysm

The nurse has four endocrine patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Graves' disease asking about radioactive iodine
2. BA patient with hyperthyroidism who is confused, with a temperature of 39,5 °C (103,1 °F)
3. CA patient after thyroidectomy with mild pain on swallowing
4. DA patient with hypothyroidism who has been constipated for three days

A patient had an upper GI endoscopy with a local anaesthetic throat spray. What must the nurse check before giving a drink?

1. AThat bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants
2. BThat the patient's blood glucose is above normal
3. CThat swallowing and the gag reflex have returned
4. DThat the patient has passed urine since the procedure

During bowel preparation, an older patient becomes dizzy and confused. Blood tests show sodium 127 mmol/L. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage plain water only, as much as possible
2. BGive the rest of the preparation more quickly
3. CStop the preparation and escalate to the medical team
4. DRecord it and continue as planned, as this is expected

Seorang perempuan Rh-negatif baru saja melahirkan bayi Rh-positif. Kapan imunoglobulin anti-D harus diberikan?

1. AHanya jika bayi mengalami ikterus
2. BHanya sebelum kehamilan berikutnya
3. CDalam 72 jam setelah lahir
4. DDalam 2 minggu setelah lahir

A newborn has a deep dimple with a tuft of hair over the lower spine. What is the significance?

1. AIt is an expected birthmark with no meaning
2. BIt means the baby will have hip dysplasia
3. CIt is a sign of congenital heart disease
4. DIt may be a sign of an underlying spinal defect

At about what age do most children understand that death is permanent and happens to everyone?

1. AAbout 4 years
2. BAbout 9 to 10 years
3. CNot until about 18 years
4. DAbout 2 years

Seorang bayi sehat berusia 12 bulan mengalami demam ringan dan rewel pada malam setelah menerima vaksin. Orang tua bertanya apakah vaksin berikutnya harus dihentikan. Apa jawaban yang benar?

1. AAnak harus minum antibiotik sebelum setiap vaksin berikutnya untuk mencegah demam dan rewel terjadi lagi
2. BYa; reaksi apa pun berarti anak alergi
3. CYa; anak tidak boleh menerima vaksin lagi
4. DTidak; demam ringan dan rewel adalah reaksi yang umum dan diharapkan serta bukan alasan untuk menghentikan vaksinasi

A patient at risk of suicide is admitted. Which environmental check is most important?

1. ALet the patient keep all his personal belongings, including his belt and phone charger, to help him feel at home
2. BMake sure the patient has a television in the room
3. CPlace the patient in a room at the end of the corridor for privacy
4. DRemove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects

A new nurse delegates several tasks to a healthcare assistant. Which delegation shows a need for further teaching?

1. AAsking the assistant to sit with a calm patient during a group art activity and report any concerns
2. BAsking the assistant to take routine vital signs of a stable patient
3. CAsking the assistant to help a patient with personal hygiene
4. DAsking the assistant to decide whether a patient needs a second dose of a PRN sedative

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang bayi baru lahir memiliki berat 9 lb 5 oz. Dengan 1 lb = 16 oz dan 1 kg = 2,2 lb, cari berat m dalam kilogram. Bulatkan ke dua tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus dimulai pada 17:50 dan selesai pada 00:15 keesokan paginya (jam 24 jam). Berapa menit t infus itu berjalan?

Seorang pasien berbobot 30 kg dan diresepkan 15 mg/kg sebagai dosis tunggal. Tentukan dosisnya D dalam mg.

Sebuah infus berisi 20000 unit obat dalam 1000 mL. Resepnya 1500 unit per jam. Pada laju berapa R Anda mengatur pompa, dalam mL/h?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 3 jam dengan set 15 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

Sebuah kantong berisi 100 mg obat dalam 50 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 10 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 12 jam. Berat badan pasien 81 kg. Cari rata-rata haluaran urine U dalam mL/kg/jam. Bulatkan ke dua angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 1000 mL dimulai pada pukul 12:00 dan dijalankan dengan pompa pada 125 mL/h. Berapa mL V yang tersisa di kantong pada pukul 13:00?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala Braden: persepsi sensorik: tidak ada gangguan; kelembapan: kadang-kadang lembap; aktivitas: hanya bisa duduk di kursi; mobilitas: sama sekali tidak bergerak; nutrisi: sangat buruk; gesekan dan geseran: berpotensi bermasalah. Cari total Braden B.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 24/menit, SpO₂ 92% dengan oksigen tambahan, tekanan darah 118/70 mmHg, nadi 88/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 35,0 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi