Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

Tujuan pasien mana yang dirumuskan secara SMART?

1. APasien akan berusaha makan lebih banyak
2. BPasien akan berjalan 20 meter dengan walker paling lambat hari Jumat
3. CPasien akan segera merasa lebih baik
4. DPasien akan meningkatkan mobilitasnya

Seorang pasien yang diselamatkan dari kebakaran rumah memiliki hasil oksimetri nadi 99% tetapi mengantuk dan sakit kepala. Mengapa hasil itu bisa menenangkan secara keliru?

1. AKarbon monoksida yang terikat hemoglobin dibaca oksimeter sebagai oksigen
2. BDenyut jantung pasien terlalu cepat bagi alat itu untuk memberi hasil yang akurat
3. CLuka bakar membuat kulit menghantarkan cahaya lebih baik
4. DAsap membuat oksimeter membaca terlalu rendah

Which household item is a strangulation risk for young children?

1. AA plastic picture book
2. BA large wooden building block
3. CLooped cords on window blinds
4. DSoft cotton socks

Why can a patient with severe neutropenia have a serious infection but little redness, swelling or pus?

1. AChemotherapy kills the bacteria before they can multiply
2. BNeutropenia makes infections stay limited to the skin
3. CAntibiotics given with chemotherapy hide all signs of infection
4. DThere are too few neutrophils to produce the usual inflammatory signs

A patient has taken prednisone (prednisolone in many countries) for several months. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will report signs of infection early.”
2. B“I will stop the tablets as soon as I feel better.”
3. C“I will tell my dentist and other doctors that I take a steroid.”
4. D“I will take the tablets with food.”

A patient has a potassium of 7,0 mEq/L with peaked T waves. Several drugs are prescribed. Which one is usually given first to protect the heart?

1. AOral potassium binder
2. BIV furosemide
3. COral sodium bicarbonate
4. DIV calcium gluconate

Which examination findings suggest a large pleural effusion on one side?

1. ANormal breath sounds and normal percussion
2. BA hyper-resonant chest with the trachea pulled towards that side
3. CWheeze heard over both lungs
4. DDull percussion and reduced breath sounds over the lung base

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will drink extra fluids when it is hot."
2. B"I will empty the bag when it is about a third to half full."
3. C"My stoma should look pink or red and moist."
4. D"My output will be firm and formed like before."

A patient with acute pancreatitis has muscle twitching and numbness around the mouth. Which laboratory value should the nurse check?

1. ASerum calcium
2. BSerum chloride
3. CSerum amylase
4. DSerum sodium

Two sets of blood cultures were taken from separate sites. Only one bottle in one set grows coagulase-negative staphylococci, and the patient has no line or implant. What is the most likely interpretation?

1. ACertain bloodstream infection needing treatment
2. BInfection with a resistant organism such as MRSA
3. CProof that the patient has infective endocarditis
4. DProbable skin contamination of the sample

Bethanechol may be used for non-obstructive urinary retention. How does it work?

1. AIt increases urine production in the kidney
2. BIt blocks muscarinic receptors and relaxes the bladder wall muscle
3. CIt shrinks the prostate gland
4. DIt stimulates muscarinic receptors and contracts the bladder muscle

Kodein diubah menjadi morfin oleh CYP2D6. Apa yang terjadi pada pasien yang merupakan ultra-rapid metaboliser CYP2D6?

1. AKodein hanya diubah menjadi senyawa tidak aktif
2. BKodein diekskresikan tanpa berubah melalui urine
3. CLebih banyak morfin terbentuk, sehingga meningkatkan risiko toksisitas opioid
4. DKodein hampir tidak memberikan pereda nyeri karena sedikit morfin yang terbentuk

A patient who had a leg amputation says they feel burning pain in the missing foot. What is the best response?

1. AExplain that burning pain in the missing foot shows wound infection
2. BExplain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
3. CTell the patient the pain must be imaginary as the foot has gone
4. DAdvise that it will be ignored until it stops

A patient with end-stage COPD has severe breathlessness at rest despite optimal treatment and wants comfort-focused care. Which measure is recognised to help?

1. AHigh-flow oxygen at 15 L/min whatever the oxygen saturation is
2. BA low-dose opioid with a hand-held fan and calm positioning
3. CStopping all medicines, including inhalers
4. DEncouraging long walks to build fitness

A patient takes levodopa for Parkinson's disease. Which teaching point is correct?

1. ALarge high-protein meals can reduce how well the drug works
2. BThe tablets work best taken with a large steak dinner
3. CStop the drug for a day each week to avoid tolerance
4. DThe drug cures the disease if taken for a full year

A nurse teaches a wheelchair user with a spinal cord injury about skin care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will keep my skin clean and dry."
2. B"I will shift my weight in the chair regularly."
3. C"I will use a mirror to check my bottom and heels every day."
4. D"I only need to check my skin when something hurts."

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause their surgery always takes longer than others
2. BBecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
3. CTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
4. DBecause they need to go home before midday

A patient arrives in the anaesthetic room without an identity band. What should the nurse do?

1. AProceed because the patient can say their name
2. BStop and confirm identity, then apply a band
3. CProceed and add a band once in recovery
4. DUse the spare identity band from the front of the patient's notes folder

A woman with hypothyroidism becomes pregnant. What usually happens to her levothyroxine needs?

1. AShe switches to iodine tablets instead
2. BThey stay the same, so no monitoring is needed
3. CThey usually rise, so levels are checked early
4. DThey decrease to zero, so she stops the drug

A woman 2 hours after birth asks for help to the bathroom. She had an epidural that is now off. What is the main safety concern?

1. AIncreased lochia from walking
2. BLeg weakness or numbness causing a fall
3. CReopening of the epidural site
4. DFainting from low blood glucose only

A 13-year-old has a concussion during a football match. What is the correct advice?

1. AAvoid all mental and physical activity, including school, for at least 2 months
2. BReturn to the match as soon as the headache improves
3. CNo sport that day; return step by step once symptoms have gone
4. DContinue training as usual unless there was a loss of consciousness

Newborn pulse oximetry screening shows 97% in the right hand and 91% in the foot. What does this mean?

1. AA normal result, because foot readings are always lower
2. BA faulty probe or a cold foot; repeat the whole test at the 6-week check
3. CNormal transition; no further checks are needed
4. DAn abnormal screen that must be followed up promptly under the screening protocol

A patient with limited English needs a mental health assessment. Who should interpret?

1. AA trained professional interpreter
2. BThe patient's 12-year-old son
3. CAnother patient on the ward who speaks the language
4. DThe nurse, using an online translation app on her phone for the whole assessment

A patient's mood changes several times a day, usually after conflicts with others. She has chronic feelings of emptiness and a strong fear of being abandoned. Which diagnosis is most likely?

1. ASchizoid personality disorder with low mood
2. BBorderline personality disorder
3. CBipolar I disorder
4. DPersistent depressive disorder

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Suhu seorang pasien adalah 104,7 °F. Konversikan ke derajat Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah infus memberikan 12 mg/jam. Nyatakan laju dosis ini D dalam mcg/menit. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Seorang anak dengan berat 7 kg diresepkan 2 mg/kg suatu obat. Larutan stok mengandung 10 mg/mL. Tarik dosisnya: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Resepnya 175 mikrogram. Ampul mengandung 0,5 mg/mL. Tarik dosis dalam alat suntik 1 mL: berapa volume V yang Anda berikan?

Infus diresepkan pada 40 mL/h, tetapi tidak ada pompa. Infus berjalan dengan gravitasi melalui set infus 15 gtt/mL. Tentukan laju tetes R dalam tetes per menit.

Sebuah kantong berisi 1000 mg obat dalam 250 mL dan mengalir dengan laju 10 mL/h. Berapa miligram per jam D yang diterima pasien?

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih).

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 1000 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 60 mL/h. Pada pukul 07:00, 650 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: tidak; diagnosis sekunder: tidak; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: ya; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Tim menargetkan tekanan arteri rata-rata minimal 65 mmHg. Tekanan sistolik seorang pasien adalah 103 mmHg. Dengan MAP = (SBP + 2·DBP)/3, berapa tekanan diastolik terendah DBP yang masih memberi MAP 65 mmHg?