Soal latihan bergaya NCLEX-PN (LPN/LVN): paket kilat

What is the correct order of techniques when assessing the abdomen?

1. AAuscultation, palpation, inspection, percussion
2. BInspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
3. CInspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
4. DPalpation, inspection, auscultation, percussion

A healthcare assistant (nursing assistant) has recorded a blood pressure of 82/50 mmHg during routine observations but did not report it. What should the registered nurse do first?

1. ARepeat the observations at the next routine time
2. BTalk to the healthcare assistant about reporting
3. CComplete an incident report
4. DAssess the patient straight away

How should a portable oxygen cylinder be kept in a patient’s room?

1. ALaid on the bed next to the patient
2. BPlaced next to a heater to keep it warm
3. CSecured upright in a stand or holder
4. DLying loose on the floor beside the bed

Sebuah kantong obat kemoterapi bocor ke lantai. Langkah pertama apa?

1. AMemakai peralatan pelindung dari kit tumpahan dan mengendalikan tumpahan
2. BMembiarkannya mengering, lalu membersihkannya di akhir shift
3. CMengelapnya dengan cepat memakai handuk kertas dan tangan telanjang
4. DMeminta petugas kebersihan mengepelnya dengan pel biasa

A young adult has just started an SSRI antidepressant for major depression. What should the nurse monitor most closely in the first weeks?

1. AThoughts of suicide or self-harm
2. BWeight loss from too much appetite
3. CHair growth and skin color
4. DRising blood glucose levels

Which finding after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected and needs only reassurance and comfort measures?

1. ARight shoulder pain from the gas used during surgery
2. BIncreasing abdominal pain with a temperature of 39 °C
3. CA heart rate of 125/min with a falling blood pressure
4. DYellow skin with dark urine on the second day

For a patient in skin traction on the leg, which is correct?

1. AThe weights hang freely and do not rest on the bed or floor
2. BThe weights rest on the floor overnight
3. CThe weights are removed whenever the patient feels uncomfortable
4. DThe rope is tied to the bed frame to keep it still

A patient has a high fever with rigors, jaundice and right upper quadrant pain. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAscending cholangitis
2. BAcute appendicitis
3. CSimple biliary colic
4. DGastro-oesophageal reflux disease

A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
2. BThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
3. CHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
4. DSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem

Seorang pasien dengan infus heparin mengalami penurunan hitung trombosit dari 260 menjadi 110 × 10³/µL pada hari ke-7. Tindakan mana yang paling tepat?

1. ASegera melaporkannya: trombositopenia akibat heparin mungkin terjadi
2. BTidak melakukan apa-apa, karena hitungnya masih sedikit di atas 100 × 10³/µL
3. CMemberikan transfusi trombosit dan melanjutkan heparin
4. DMelanjutkan infus dan menaikkan kecepatan sesuai protokol

Apiksaban dan rivaroksaban adalah antikoagulan yang secara langsung menghambat:

1. AFaktor Xa
2. BReseptor P2Y12 trombosit
3. CVitamin K epoksida reduktase
4. DTrombin

A patient on simvastatin is prescribed gemfibrozil. What is the main concern?

1. ASevere hypoglycaemia
2. BLoss of all lipid-lowering effect
3. CA sharp rise in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides
4. DA much higher risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis

Seorang pasien gagal jantung bertanya mengapa garam dibatasi. Penjelasan mana yang benar?

1. ANatrium secara langsung melemahkan otot jantung yang berkontraksi
2. BNatrium membuat tubuh menahan air, yang menambah kongesti
3. CNatrium meningkatkan denyut jantung saat tidur
4. DNatrium menghalangi tablet diuretik diserap dengan baik

A nurse has four cardiac patients. Which one should be seen first?

1. AA patient with AF and a heart rate of 86/min who is due an apixaban dose this morning
2. BA patient with angina whose chest pain has not eased with rest and who is sweating
3. CA patient after a radial angiogram asking when they can eat
4. DA patient with heart failure whose weight is 0,3 kg up on yesterday's morning weight

Several hours after a carotid endarterectomy, which finding needs the most urgent action?

1. AA small amount of dried blood on the dressing
2. BAn expanding neck swelling with noisy breathing
3. CA blood pressure slightly above the baseline
4. DMild pain at the incision site

A patient with AKI has a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. What does this suggest?

1. AA post-renal blockage, with urine backed up
2. BAcute tubular necrosis, with damaged and leaking tubules
3. CDiabetes insipidus, with too little ADH
4. DA pre-renal cause, with kidneys holding salt and water

Which patient is at highest risk of refeeding syndrome?

1. AA healthy adult after an overnight fast for minor surgery
2. BA patient with a normal BMI eating three meals a day
3. CAn underweight patient who has eaten very little for 10 days
4. DA patient who missed one lunch because of a scan

On day 3 after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a patient has abdominal pain, fever and mild jaundice, and green fluid is draining from the drain. What is most likely?

1. AA wound haematoma
2. BNormal post-operative drainage
3. CUrinary retention
4. DA bile leak

A woman in preterm labour receives nifedipine. Which side effect should the nurse watch for?

1. ARespiratory depression and absent reflexes
2. BLow blood pressure and headache
3. CBradycardia and bronchospasm
4. DHigh blood glucose and tremor

Seorang bayi baru lahir apnea setelah dihangatkan, dikeringkan, dan distimulasi. Apa langkah berikutnya?

1. ASegera memulai kompresi dada
2. BMemegang bayi terbalik dan menepuk punggungnya
3. CMemulai ventilasi tekanan positif dengan balon dan sungkup
4. DMenunggu dan menilai skor APGAR menit ke-5 sebelum melakukan apa pun

A newborn has a cephalohaematoma. What should the nurse monitor closely over the next days?

1. AHead circumference twice daily, because it signals hydrocephalus
2. BBlood pressure, because the swelling causes hypertension
3. CUrine colour, because the swelling causes kidney damage
4. DJaundice, because the breakdown of the trapped blood adds to bilirubin

A 15-year-old boy with mumps develops a painful, swollen testis. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AMumps orchitis, a known complication after puberty
2. BA late side effect of the MMR vaccine given in childhood
3. CTesticular cancer unrelated to the infection
4. DAn inguinal hernia caused by coughing

An agitated patient has not responded to verbal de-escalation. A PRN medicine is prescribed. What is the most appropriate step?

1. AHide the medicine in his drink without telling him
2. BOffer the oral medicine first, before considering an injection
3. CGive an intramuscular injection at once without offering any choice
4. DPlace him in seclusion and then decide about medicine later

A patient with anxiety asks for her PRN lorazepam every time it is due. What is the best nursing approach?

1. AAlways give it as soon as she asks, without assessment
2. BRefuse to give it, because she might become dependent
3. CGive her a placebo tablet instead, without telling her, to see whether she really needs it
4. DAssess her anxiety each time, offer other coping strategies and give it if indicated

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Suhu seorang pasien adalah 97,2 °F. Konversikan ke derajat Celsius T dengan °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9. Bulatkan ke satu tempat desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Selama satu shift seorang pasien mengonsumsi 4 fl oz dari jus, 1 cangkir dari teh, 1 tbsp dari suplemen cair. Dengan ekuivalen yang diberikan, cari total asupan oral V dalam mL.

Sebuah vial berisi 1 g serbuk. Labelnya menyatakan: tambahkan 3,4 mL air untuk injeksi sehingga volume totalnya 4 mL. Resepnya 150 mg. Berapa volume V larutan hasil rekonstitusi yang Anda berikan?

Sebuah infus berisi 50000 unit obat dalam 1000 mL. Resepnya 500 unit per jam. Pada laju berapa R Anda mengatur pompa, dalam mL/h?

Infuskan 1000 mL selama 4 jam dengan set 10 tts/mL. Tentukan laju tetesan R dalam tetes per menit. Bulatkan ke bilangan bulat terdekat.

200 mg obat diencerkan dalam 100 mL dan diberikan dengan gravitasi melalui set 15 gtt/mL. Resepnya 200 mg per jam. Tentukan laju tetes R dalam tetes per menit.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Catatan menunjukkan asupan dan haluaran seorang pasien selama satu shift 8 jam. Infus IV berjalan dengan laju yang ditunjukkan selama seluruh shift. Cari keseimbangan cairan B = asupan − haluaran dalam mL (jawaban negatif berarti kehilangan bersih). Hitung serpihan es setengah volumenya.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Sebuah kantong 1000 mL dijalankan dengan pompa pada 60 mL/h. Pada pukul 12:30, 450 mL sudah diinfuskan. Berapa jam t lagi sampai kantong kosong? Bulatkan ke satu angka desimal.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Seorang pasien latihan dinilai dengan skala jatuh Morse: riwayat jatuh dalam 3 bulan terakhir: ya; diagnosis sekunder: ya; alat bantu jalan: tidak ada, tirah baring, atau dibantu perawat; terapi IV atau saline lock: tidak; cara berjalan: lemah; status mental: melebih-lebihkan atau melupakan batas kemampuannya. Cari total Morse MFS.

Latihan (nilai rekaan, bukan pedoman klinis). Gunakan bagan NEWS2 (SpO₂ skala 1) untuk observasi berikut: frekuensi napas 32/menit, SpO₂ 96% dengan udara ruangan, tekanan darah 88/52 mmHg, nadi 70/menit, sadar penuh, suhu 36,0 °C. Pasien termasuk kelompok risiko klinis yang mana? Klik kelompok itu.

1. 1rendah
2. 2rendah–sedang
3. 3sedang
4. 4tinggi