1.Prioritas & delegasiSedang
A nurse sees a nursing assistant leave a confused patient’s bed in the highest position after care. What should the nurse do?
- ALeave it because the patient is asleep
- BWrite it in the assistant’s yearly review only
- CAsk the family to lower the bed when they next visit
- DLower the bed now and remind the assistant why it matters
2.Prioritas & delegasiSulit
A patient admitted with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly got better, but now the abdomen is rigid and the heart rate is rising. What does this suggest?
- AThe pain has moved to a different, harmless place
- BThe appendicitis is getting better without surgery
- CThe appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
- DThe patient’s analgesic has finally started to work
3.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSedang
A parent will give a liquid antibiotic to a child at home. Which teaching is best?
- AUse a tablespoon for doses over 5 mL
- BUse the oral syringe or dosing cup that comes with the medicine
- CUse any teaspoon or tablespoon from the kitchen drawer at home
- DEstimate the dose by pouring into a cup
4.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSulit
Which patient with a suspected infection meets at least two SIRS criteria?
- ATemperature 36,8 °C and respiratory rate 18/min
- BRespiratory rate 16/min and WBC 8,000/mm3
- CTemperature 38,6 °C and heart rate 112/min
- DTemperature 37,2 °C and heart rate 80/min
5.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSedang
A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?
- AUric acid
- BSodium bicarbonate
- CPhosphate
- DMagnesium
6.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSulit
Seorang pasien yang mengonsumsi warfarin dengan INR stabil 2,4 memulai kuur antibiotik seperti siprofloksasin. Seminggu kemudian INR-nya 4,6. Apa penjelasan yang paling mungkin?
- APasien makan lebih banyak makanan kaya vitamin K
- BAntibiotik telah menyembuhkan kebutuhan pasien akan antikoagulasi
- CKesalahan laboratorium adalah satu-satunya penjelasan yang mungkin
- DInteraksi obat yang meningkatkan efek warfarin
7.Keperawatan klinisSedang
Transfusi darah akan dimulai. Apa pemeriksaan keselamatan yang paling penting?
- AHanya memeriksa berat badan pasien
- BMenghangatkan semua darah di microwave
- CMemeriksa preferensi makanan pasien
- DIdentifikasi pasien yang positif dan dicocokkan dengan komponen darah di samping tempat tidur
8.Keperawatan klinisSulit
A severely hypothermic patient is in cardiac arrest. Why is resuscitation usually continued until they are rewarmed?
- AThe cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
- BAdrenaline works better in cold patients
- CHypothermia always causes brain death quickly
- DCold patients cannot be defibrillated at all, so CPR is the only possible treatment
9.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSedang
A patient has a heart rate of 36/min with hypotension and dizziness. Which drug is usually the first choice?
- AIntravenous amiodarone
- BOral bisoprolol
- CIntravenous atropine
- DIntravenous adenosine
10.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSulit
Four hours after cardiac surgery, the mediastinal drain, which had been draining steadily, suddenly stops. BP falls to 84/60 mmHg, the heart rate rises and the CVP climbs. What should the nurse suspect?
- AA tension pneumothorax on the left side
- BNormal recovery, as the bleeding has stopped
- CFluid overload from intravenous fluids
- DCardiac tamponade from a clotted drain
11.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSedang
Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?
- AStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure
- BSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
- CStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys
- DThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
12.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSulit
A patient with a brain tumour on high-dose dexamethasone has a capillary glucose of 16 mmol/L (288 mg/dL). They have no history of diabetes. What is the best explanation?
- AA sign that the brain tumour has now spread to the pancreas
- BA lab error, because steroids lower blood glucose
- CSteroid-induced hyperglycaemia, which needs monitoring and treatment
- DNormal for this patient, so no action is needed
13.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSedang
What is a Curling's ulcer?
- AA leg ulcer caused by venous disease after long bed rest
- BA pressure ulcer under a splint that has been left on too long
- CA burn on the sole of the foot
- DA stress ulcer of the stomach or duodenum after a major burn
14.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSulit
A patient with gastric outlet obstruction has vomited repeatedly for several days. Which blood picture is most likely?
- ANormal electrolytes with respiratory alkalosis
- BLow chloride, low potassium and metabolic alkalosis
- CHigh calcium, high sodium and respiratory acidosis
- DHigh chloride, high potassium and metabolic acidosis