1.Prioritas & delegasiSedang
A parent of a child with influenza talks with the nurse. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will give my child plenty of fluids.”
- B“I will call if my child has trouble breathing.”
- C“I will keep my child home from school and away from others while unwell.”
- D“I will give my child aspirin to bring the fever down.”
2.Prioritas & delegasiSulit
A patient on airborne precautions for suspected tuberculosis must go to the radiology department. What should the patient wear during transport?
- AA fit-tested N95 respirator
- BNothing, if the trip is short
- CA surgical mask
- DGloves and a gown only
3.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSedang
An older adult has trouble getting in and out of the bath. Which measures make bathing safer?
- ABath oil to help the person slide in and out
- BA shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
- CA loose rug beside the tub to stand on
- DLocking the bathroom door for privacy
4.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSulit
Seorang pasien dirawat dengan diare akut, dan C. difficile dicurigai. Hasil tes masih menunggu. Kapan kewaspadaan kontak harus dimulai?
- ASetelah tiga hari diare
- BSegera, tanpa menunggu hasil tes
- CHanya bila hasil tes kembali positif
- DHanya bila pasien mengalami demam
5.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSedang
A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2,1 mmol/L on admission and 4,3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?
- AWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
- BImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
- CExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever
- DA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
6.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSulit
Four drug levels are reported. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
- ADigoxin 1,0 ng/mL with a pulse of 72/min
- BValproate 75 mcg/mL with no symptoms
- CLithium 1,8 mEq/L with a new coarse tremor
- DPhenytoin 15 mcg/mL with no symptoms
7.Keperawatan klinisSedang
Seorang pasien yang baru mulai mengonsumsi penghambat ACE mengalami batuk kering yang menetap. Apa penyebab yang mungkin?
- AEfek samping penghambat ACE yang sudah dikenal
- BReaksi alergi terhadap penisilin yang baru diberikan
- CEmboli paru
- DAsma yang disebabkan penyekat beta
8.Keperawatan klinisSulit
A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A"I will empty the bag when it is about a third to half full."
- B"I will drink extra fluids when it is hot."
- C"My stoma should look pink or red and moist."
- D"My output will be firm and formed like before."
9.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSedang
Sebelum terapi kompresi diterapkan untuk ulkus vena pada tungkai, pengkajian mana yang esensial?
- ARontgen dada dan EKG
- BSwab luka untuk kultur dan sensitivitas
- CIndeks tekanan pergelangan kaki–lengan (ABPI)
- DHitung darah lengkap dan CRP
10.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSulit
A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?
- AIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
- BDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
- CChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
- DSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas
11.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSedang
A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?
- ARaising the head of the bed at night
- BAvoiding large meals late in the evening
- CMagnesium-containing antacids
- DEating smaller, more frequent meals
12.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSulit
A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?
- ALow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
- BFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures
- CFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
- DLow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
13.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSedang
Apa peran pembatasan natrium dan spironolakton pada sirosis?
- AMenaikkan tekanan darah dan memperbaiki aliran darah ginjal
- BMengurangi retensi natrium dan air serta mengendalikan asites
- CMeningkatkan kehilangan kalium dan mencegah hiperkalemia
- DMenurunkan amonia darah dan mengobati ensefalopati
14.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSulit
Seorang pasien yang menggunakan opioid jangka panjang untuk nyeri kronis dirawat untuk operasi. Pernyataan mana yang benar?
- ASemua opioid harus dihentikan saat masuk untuk mencegah adiksi
- BMereka hanya boleh menerima parasetamol setelah operasi selesai
- COpioid biasa dilanjutkan, ditambah analgesia ekstra, karena toleransi
- DMereka membutuhkan dosis opioid pascaoperasi yang lebih rendah daripada pasien naif opioid