1.Prioritas & delegasiSedang
A patient speaks little English, and the nurse needs to explain a new procedure. What is the best way to communicate?
- AUse a professional medical interpreter
- BAsk the patient’s 10-year-old child to translate
- CSpeak loudly and slowly in English
- DUse hand gestures and hope the patient understands
2.Prioritas & delegasiSulit
Seorang asisten keperawatan mengukur tanda-tanda vital 15 menit setelah dosis pertama morfin pada seorang pasien. Ia melaporkan frekuensi napas 10/menit dan mengatakan pasien sulit dibangunkan. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat?
- AMenelepon pemberi layanan untuk meminta instruksi sebelum menemui pasien
- BSegera pergi, membangunkan pasien, membantu pernapasan, dan menyiapkan nalokson sesuai instruksi
- CMeminta asisten memeriksa ulang frekuensi napas dalam 15 menit dan melapor kembali
- DMendokumentasikan temuan dan memberi tahu pemberi layanan pada putaran terjadwal berikutnya
3.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSedang
A patient with a severe latex allergy is booked for surgery. Which measure is commonly used?
- AUse latex gloves only for short procedures
- BWrap latex items in plastic before use
- CUse latex-free supplies and schedule the patient as the first case of the day
- DGive the patient antihistamines before surgery and then use the normal supplies
4.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSulit
A patient’s white cell differential shows a raised eosinophil count. Which cause is most consistent with this finding?
- AAn allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
- BA viral infection such as a cold
- CBone marrow suppression from chemotherapy
- DAn acute bacterial infection
5.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSedang
A 55-year-old has a positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) during routine screening. What is the usual next step?
- AStart an iron supplement only
- BReferral for colonoscopy
- CRepeat the test in 10 years
- DNo action if there are no symptoms
6.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSulit
A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?
- AAnemia of chronic disease
- BHereditary hemochromatosis
- CAcute viral hepatitis A
- DIron-deficiency anemia
7.Keperawatan klinisSedang
Lembar keseimbangan cairan seorang pasien menunjukkan asupan 1,200 mL dan haluaran 2,300 mL selama 24 jam. Apa yang ditunjukkan hal ini?
- AKeseimbangan cairan positif 3,500 mL
- BKeseimbangan cairan positif 1,100 mL
- CStatus cairan seimbang
- DKeseimbangan cairan negatif 1,100 mL
8.Keperawatan klinisSulit
Pasien yang mendapat infus heparin mengalami penurunan trombosit mendadak lima hari setelah dimulai. Apa yang harus dicurigai?
- ARespons normal terhadap heparin
- BKekurangan vitamin K akibat asupan yang buruk
- CTrombositopenia akibat heparin
- DAnemia defisiensi besi
9.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSedang
Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?
- AImmobility after major surgery
- BAn inherited clotting disorder
- CDamage to a vein during hip surgery
- DTaking an oestrogen-containing pill
10.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSulit
The monitor shows a regular broad-complex tachycardia at 180/min. The patient is alert with BP 126/78 mmHg and no chest pain. What is the most appropriate plan?
- AReassure the patient, as this is a normal rhythm
- BRecord a 12-lead ECG, call senior help and anticipate an antiarrhythmic
- CDeliver an unsynchronised shock immediately, before any other assessment
- DStart chest compressions straight away and give a dose of IV adrenaline
11.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSedang
A patient with type 1 diabetes plans a long cycle ride. Which advice is most appropriate?
- ASkip breakfast so the exercise burns body fat
- BAvoid checking glucose until the ride is over
- CTake an extra dose of rapid-acting insulin before setting off
- DCheck glucose before and after, and carry fast-acting carbohydrate
12.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSulit
On day 6 after a subarachnoid haemorrhage, a patient becomes newly confused and develops weakness in one arm. The aneurysm was secured on day 1. What is the most likely cause?
- ANormal tiredness after major surgery
- BHypoglycaemia from reduced eating
- CRe-bleeding from the secured aneurysm
- DDelayed cerebral ischaemia from vasospasm
13.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSedang
Which is a recognised risk of long-term proton pump inhibitor use?
- AHyperkalaemia
- BHypernatraemia
- CHypomagnesaemia
- DHypercalcaemia
14.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSulit
A patient is booked for a urea breath test for H. pylori. Which medicine should usually be stopped 2 weeks before the test?
- AOmeprazole
- BLevothyroxine
- CParacetamol (acetaminophen)
- DAmlodipine