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An instant cold pack feels cold when the substance inside dissolves. How is this dissolving process classified?

1. AA combustion reaction
2. BEndothermic
3. CExothermic
4. DA neutralisation reaction

Which state of matter has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container?

1. ASolid
2. BGas
3. CLiquid
4. DPlasma

Boyle's law describes the relationship between which two properties of a gas, at constant temperature?

1. APressure and temperature
2. BVolume and temperature
3. CMass and volume
4. DPressure and volume

According to the Brønsted–Lowry definition, what is an acid?

1. AA hydroxide ion donor
2. BA proton (H⁺) donor
3. CA proton (H⁺) acceptor
4. DAn electron pair donor

How does an antacid tablet relieve heartburn caused by excess stomach acid?

1. AA weak base in it neutralises some of the acid
2. BAn acid in it lowers the stomach pH further
3. CIt coats the stomach and stops all acid production
4. DIt turns the acid into a gas that is absorbed

On an energy diagram, the products are at a lower energy than the reactants. What kind of reaction is shown?

1. AReversible only
2. BExothermic
3. CNuclear
4. DEndothermic

Cotton soaked in ammonia (NH₃) and cotton soaked in hydrogen chloride (HCl) are placed at opposite ends of a glass tube. A white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the HCl end. What does this show?

1. ABoth gases diffuse at the same speed
2. BThe lighter NH₃ molecules diffuse faster than HCl molecules
3. CThe HCl molecules diffuse faster than NH₃ molecules
4. DThe white ring forms where the gases are heaviest

A catalyst is added to an exothermic reaction. How does the energy diagram change?

1. AThe peak is lower, but the energy of reactants and products stays the same
2. BThe reaction becomes endothermic
3. CThe products end up at a lower energy, so more heat is released
4. DThe reactants start at a higher energy