Lembar kerja Keperawatan klinis dengan jawaban

A patient's care plan says "nil by mouth". What does this mean?

1. ANo food or drink by mouth unless specific exceptions are prescribed
2. BOnly clear fluids such as water and black tea are allowed
3. CFood is allowed, but drinks must be stopped until the next day
4. DThe patient may eat if they feel hungry

What is the usual normal range for serum sodium in adults (in mmol/L, numerically equal to mEq/L)?

1. A135–145 mmol/L
2. B2,2–2,6 mmol/L
3. C3,5–5,0 mmol/L
4. D95–105 mmol/L

Which structure is the heart's natural pacemaker?

1. AThe mitral valve in the left side of the heart
2. BThe sinoatrial (SA) node
3. CThe aorta
4. DThe left ventricle

Which group of features is typical of nephrotic syndrome?

1. APolyuria, thirst and weight loss
2. BHeavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
3. CSevere loin pain and fever
4. DBlood in the urine, high blood pressure and reduced urine output only

A very anxious patient breathes rapidly for a long period. Which change is expected?

1. AMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
2. BMetabolic acidosis from a low bicarbonate
3. CRespiratory acidosis from a high PaCO₂
4. DRespiratory alkalosis from a low PaCO₂

Which tool is commonly used at the bedside to screen for delirium?

1. AThe Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
2. BThe Glasgow-Blatchford score
3. CThe Braden scale
4. DThe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)

A severely hypothermic patient is in cardiac arrest. Why is resuscitation usually continued until they are rewarmed?

1. AThe cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
2. BHypothermia always causes brain death quickly
3. CAdrenaline works better in cold patients
4. DCold patients cannot be defibrillated at all, so CPR is the only possible treatment

A patient with known prostate cancer reports new back pain, leg weakness and difficulty passing urine. What should be suspected?

1. AA urinary tract infection spreading to the back
2. BHypokalaemia
3. CSimple mechanical back pain
4. DMetastatic spinal cord compression