Lembar kerja Nilai laboratorium & elektrolit dengan jawaban

A urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of at least which value is usually called moderately increased albuminuria?

1. A3 mg/g (0,3 mg/mmol)
2. B300 mg/dL (3 mg/mL)
3. C30 mg/g (3 mg/mmol)
4. D3,000 mg/g (300 mg/mmol)

Nilai HbA1c mana yang memenuhi ambang diagnostik diabetes yang lazim?

1. A4,5% (26 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi
2. B5,0% (31 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi
3. C6,5% (48 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi
4. D5,5% (37 mmol/mol) atau lebih tinggi

Berapa rentang rujukan dewasa yang khas untuk hitung trombosit?

1. ASekitar 1000–2000 × 10³/µL (1000–2000 × 10⁹/L)
2. BSekitar 150–400 × 10³/µL (150–400 × 10⁹/L)
3. CSekitar 12–16 × 10³/µL (12–16 × 10⁹/L)
4. DSekitar 4,5–11 × 10³/µL (4,5–11 × 10⁹/L)

A healthy patient's result is slightly outside the laboratory reference range, and all other results are normal. Which statement best explains why this can happen?

1. AAny result outside the range always means disease is present
2. BReference ranges are the same in every laboratory worldwide
3. CReference ranges include every healthy person without exception
4. DRanges cover about 95% of healthy people, so some fall outside

Seorang pasien menerima cairan IV yang mengalir ke lengan bawah kiri. Di mana perawat harus mengambil sampel darah?

1. ADari lengan sebelahnya
2. BDari vena mana pun, karena cairan tidak memengaruhi hasil
3. CDari tepat di atas lokasi IV pada lengan yang sama
4. DDari kanula IV saat cairan sedang mengalir

Bagaimana kalsium glukonat IV membantu pasien dengan hiperkalemia berat?

1. AMenstabilkan membran sel jantung tanpa menurunkan kalium
2. BMemindahkan kalium dari darah ke dalam sel
3. CMengikat kalium di usus sehingga dikeluarkan lewat feses
4. DMeningkatkan ekskresi kalium oleh ginjal

A patient on warfarin with an INR of 3,6 fell and hit their head an hour ago. They now report a worsening headache and drowsiness. What is the priority?

1. AGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and recheck the INR tomorrow
2. BReport urgently for imaging and possible reversal
3. CEncourage rest in a dark room to settle the pain
4. DHold warfarin for one dose and observe at home

A patient with a serum albumin of 1,9 g/dL (19 g/L) has signs of phenytoin toxicity, although the total phenytoin level is in the usual range. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALow albumin makes the total level falsely high in all cases
2. BLow albumin makes the liver clear phenytoin much faster
3. CLow albumin raises the free (active) fraction of phenytoin
4. DLow albumin stops phenytoin from crossing into the brain