Lembar kerja Nilai laboratorium & elektrolit dengan jawaban

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the kidney tubules
2. BIn the urethra
3. CIn the ureters
4. DIn the urinary bladder

A urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of at least which value is usually called moderately increased albuminuria?

1. A3 mg/g (0,3 mg/mmol)
2. B3,000 mg/g (300 mg/mmol)
3. C300 mg/dL (3 mg/mL)
4. D30 mg/g (3 mg/mmol)

Which laboratory test is used to diagnose sickle cell disease?

1. AProthrombin time with INR
2. BHemoglobin electrophoresis
3. CErythrocyte sedimentation rate
4. DSerum ferritin and transferrin saturation

Bagaimana kalsium glukonat IV membantu pasien dengan hiperkalemia berat?

1. AMemindahkan kalium dari darah ke dalam sel
2. BMenstabilkan membran sel jantung tanpa menurunkan kalium
3. CMengikat kalium di usus sehingga dikeluarkan lewat feses
4. DMeningkatkan ekskresi kalium oleh ginjal

A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?

1. AThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
2. BDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
3. CSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
4. DThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding

A pregnant woman's blood type is O Rh-negative, and her antibody screen (indirect Coombs test) is negative. What is usually offered at about 28 weeks?

1. AAnti-D immunoglobulin (Rho(D) immune globulin)
2. BAn IV dose of vitamin K given for the fetus
3. CA transfusion of group O Rh-positive red cells
4. DDaily oral iron and folic acid supplements only

Seorang pasien dengan gangguan penggunaan alkohol memiliki kalium 3,0 mEq/L meskipun telah mendapat penggantian selama dua hari. Magnesiumnya 0,9 mEq/L. Langkah berikutnya yang paling tepat?

1. AMenghentikan semua penggantian elektrolit selama 24 jam lalu memeriksa ulang
2. BMenggandakan dosis kalium dan menunda magnesium
3. CMemberikan diuretik untuk membuang kelebihan magnesium
4. DMengganti magnesium; magnesium rendah membuat ginjal terus kehilangan kalium

An older adult with type 2 diabetes is drowsy and very dehydrated. Glucose 920 mg/dL (51 mmol/L), serum osmolality 350 mOsm/kg, pH 7,36, urine ketones negative or trace. Which condition fits best?

1. ADiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
2. BHyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
3. CMetformin-related lactic acidosis
4. DSyndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)