Lembar kerja Nilai laboratorium & elektrolit dengan jawaban

Using American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, a fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dL (5,6–6,9 mmol/L) is classed as:

1. AType 1 diabetes mellitus
2. BMild hypoglycemia (low glucose)
3. CNormal fasting glucose for an adult
4. DPrediabetes (impaired fasting glucose)

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. AUrea (from BUN)
2. BSodium and its anions
3. CGlucose in plasma
4. DPlasma albumin

Where are urinary casts formed?

1. AIn the urinary bladder
2. BIn the kidney tubules
3. CIn the ureters
4. DIn the urethra

How should a blood sample for serum ammonia be handled?

1. AShaken firmly to mix it before it is sent away
2. BKept warm and sent with the next routine batch
3. CPlaced on ice and sent to the laboratory at once
4. DLeft at room temperature for several hours first

A patient with suspected pulmonary TB needs sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli. Which instruction is correct?

1. AGive several deep-cough samples, often first thing in the morning
2. BGive one sample of saliva collected from the mouth at any time of day
3. CGive several samples of nasal mucus blown into a tissue
4. DGive one sample after brushing with mouthwash so it is clean

A patient takes high-dose furosemide. Besides potassium, which electrolyte is most commonly lowered?

1. AMagnesium
2. BPhosphate
3. CSodium bicarbonate
4. DUric acid

A patient taking isoniazid for latent TB reports nausea, loss of appetite and dark urine. The ALT is five times the upper limit of normal. What is the best action?

1. AContinue the isoniazid and give it with food to settle the stomach
2. BReassure the patient that dark urine is a harmless drug effect
3. CDouble the dose to finish the treatment course more quickly
4. DHold the isoniazid and report the findings to the prescriber at once

Seorang pasien hiponatremia kronis (natrium 118 mEq/L) sedang diterapi. Mengapa natrium harus dinaikkan perlahan?

1. AKoreksi lambat diperlukan hanya untuk mengurangi biaya rumah sakit
2. BKoreksi cepat menyebabkan hipokalemia, yang merupakan satu-satunya risiko
3. CKoreksi cepat membuat natrium turun lagi lebih jauh
4. DDapat menyebabkan demielinisasi osmotik, cedera otak yang serius