Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ADull ache that slowly builds over several days
2. BSudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back
3. CCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest
4. DBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids

Perubahan pola makan mana yang paling menurunkan tekanan darah?

1. ALebih banyak jus buah dan lebih sedikit air
2. BLebih banyak daging merah dan lebih sedikit roti
3. CLebih sedikit garam dan lebih banyak buah dan sayur
4. DLebih banyak kopi dan lebih sedikit minuman bersoda dengan gula tambahan

What is the pulse pressure?

1. AThe number of pulse beats counted in one minute
2. BThe pressure measured in the right atrium at rest
3. CThe average arterial pressure over one whole cardiac cycle
4. DThe difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

Setelah alat pacu jantung permanen dipasang, instruksi mana yang umumnya diberikan untuk beberapa minggu pertama?

1. APijat luka dengan kuat dua kali sehari
2. BHindari mengangkat lengan sisi tersebut di atas ketinggian bahu
3. CPertahankan lengan sepenuhnya diam dalam gendongan selama enam bulan atau lebih
4. DJangan mandi atau membersihkan diri sama sekali selama enam minggu

A patient with COPD uses an inhaled corticosteroid combination inhaler. Which risk should the nurse be aware of?

1. AHearing loss after every dose
2. BA sharp drop in potassium after each dose
3. CAn increased risk of high blood pressure crises
4. DAn increased risk of pneumonia

Vaksinasi mana yang biasanya direkomendasikan untuk penderita PPOK?

1. AVaksin BCG setiap lima tahun
2. BVaksinasi influenza tahunan dan pneumokokus
3. CHanya booster tetanus tahunan
4. DTidak ada vaksin sama sekali, karena diketahui memicu eksaserbasi

A patient with a COPD exacerbation has been on NIV for two hours. They are now more drowsy, and the pH has fallen further despite a good mask fit. What should the nurse do?

1. AEscalate urgently for review of intubation or a ceiling of care
2. BGive a sedative to help the patient tolerate the mask
3. CContinue NIV unchanged and repeat the blood gas tomorrow morning
4. DRemove the mask and give nebulised bronchodilators only from now on

A patient with pneumonia has a temperature of 39 °C, pain and a sinus tachycardia of 122/min. BP is normal. What is the best way to manage the heart rate?

1. ATreat the fever, pain and possible dehydration, then reassess
2. BGive IV adenosine
3. CGive a beta-blocker to bring the heart rate below 100/min
4. DArrange urgent electrical cardioversion to restore a normal rate