Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is the pleura?

1. AThe cartilage rings of the trachea
2. BA double membrane lining the lungs and the inner chest wall
3. CThe dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen
4. DThe tiny air sacs at the ends of the airways where gas exchange happens

Which description best fits asthma?

1. AScarring of the lung tissue that makes the lungs stiff and small
2. BPermanent destruction of the alveolar walls caused by smoking
3. CAirway inflammation with variable, reversible airflow obstruction
4. DA bacterial infection of the alveoli

Which group of symptoms is typical of pulmonary tuberculosis?

1. ALong-lasting cough, night sweats and weight loss
2. BSudden wheeze, itching and a raised skin rash
3. CSharp chest pain only when lying flat on the back
4. DCalf pain, leg swelling and redness

Why is a shock for cardioversion synchronised with the QRS complex?

1. ATo keep the pads from burning the skin
2. BTo avoid delivering the shock during the T wave
3. CTo allow the use of a lower battery charge
4. DTo make the shock less painful for the patient

Seorang pasien mengalami fibrilasi atrium lebih dari 48 jam dan dijadwalkan untuk kardioversi elektif. Mengapa antikoagulasi diperlukan sebelumnya?

1. AAntikoagulan mengubah FA kembali ke irama sinus
2. BAntikoagulan mengurangi energi listrik yang dibutuhkan untuk kejutan
3. CAntikoagulan membuat kejutan listrik kurang menyakitkan
4. DBekuan atrium dapat terlepas saat irama sinus kembali

Bagaimana enoksaparin subkutan dari spuit siap pakai diberikan?

1. AKe dalam otot deltoid, setelah gelembung udara dikeluarkan terlebih dahulu
2. BKe tempat abdomen yang sama setiap hari, lalu dipijat
3. CKe dalam abdomen, dengan gelembung udara dibiarkan, tanpa digosok
4. DSebagai bolus intravena cepat melalui kanula

Drainase dada pasien tidak sengaja tercabut. Apa tindakan segera?

1. AMenutup lokasi dengan balutan oklusif steril dan meminta bantuan
2. BMembiarkan lubang terbuka agar udara terperangkap dapat keluar
3. CMeminta pasien batuk kuat untuk mengembangkan paru
4. DMendorong drain kembali ke dada dan mengamankannya dengan plester

Two days after a coronary stent, a patient on aspirin and ticagrelor has black, tarry stools and feels faint on standing. What should the nurse do?

1. ACheck vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
2. BReassure the patient that iron tablets cause black stools
3. CStop both antiplatelet drugs permanently on the nurse's own decision
4. DGive a laxative and repeat the observations tomorrow