Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Mengapa pernapasan bibir mencucu (pursed-lip breathing) diajarkan kepada pasien PPOK?

1. AMenjaga saluran napas kecil tetap terbuka saat ekshalasi
2. BMengurangi dorongan untuk batuk pada siang hari
3. CMenguatkan diafragma saat inhalasi
4. DMeningkatkan kandungan oksigen udara yang dihirup

What is the main risk factor for lung cancer?

1. ALow blood pressure
2. BA high-protein diet
3. CDrinking coffee
4. DCigarette smoking

When do the coronary arteries of the left ventricle mainly fill with blood?

1. AOnly during exercise
2. BDuring systole
3. COnly during inspiration
4. DDuring diastole

After coronary artery bypass surgery through a median sternotomy, which instruction is usually given for the first several weeks?

1. AAvoid heavy lifting and pushing up with the arms
2. BAvoid walking until the stitches are removed
3. CLift the arms above the head often to stretch the chest
4. DSleep only on the stomach to protect the wound

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. ASeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum
2. BA swab from the nose only
3. CA single sample after the first week of treatment
4. DOne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day

During an episode of chest pain, a patient's ECG shows new horizontal ST depression. What does this most likely indicate?

1. AHyperkalaemia
2. BA normal finding during pain
3. CMyocardial ischaemia
4. DPericarditis

A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?

1. ADo extra exercise to open the airways
2. BWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change
3. CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
4. DFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review

After four days of antibiotics for pneumonia, a patient still has fever and pleuritic pain. There is dullness and reduced breath sounds at the right base. What complication should be suspected?

1. AA parapneumonic effusion or empyema
2. BNormal recovery from pneumonia
3. CAn allergic reaction to the antibiotic
4. DAsthma triggered by the infection