Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which sound is typical of a pleural friction rub?

1. AA harsh sound on breathing in from the throat
2. BA creaking, grating sound with each breath
3. CA high-pitched musical sound on expiration
4. DFine bubbling sounds that clear with coughing

Which finding on abdominal examination suggests an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. ALoud, high-pitched bowel sounds
2. BA tender lump in the right iliac fossa
3. CA dull area that shifts when the patient turns
4. DA pulsating mass around the umbilicus

Which organism causes tuberculosis?

1. APseudomonas aeruginosa
2. BCorynebacterium diphtheriae
3. CMycobacterium tuberculosis
4. DStaphylococcus aureus

Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?

1. AWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless
2. BStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time
3. CSupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
4. DComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ADehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
2. BLow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
3. CFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall
4. DDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
2. BTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
3. CStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
4. DAvoid all potassium-containing foods

Setelah operasi pinggul, seorang pasien tiba-tiba sesak napas dan cemas dengan denyut jantung 124/menit, SpO₂ 86% pada udara ruangan, dan nyeri tajam saat bernapas. Dada terdengar bersih. Apa yang harus dilakukan perawat pertama kali?

1. AMembaringkan pasien datar dan mengangkat kedua tungkai di atas bantal
2. BMengajak pasien berjalan keliling bangsal untuk memperbaiki pernapasan
3. CMemberikan sedatif untuk kecemasan dan memeriksa ulang dalam satu jam
4. DMemberikan oksigen, mendudukkan pasien, meminta tinjauan segera, dan tetap mendampingi

A patient on three blood pressure drugs still has high readings at every visit. What should the nurse check first?

1. AWhether the patient needs surgery on the renal arteries
2. BWhether the readings should be ignored
3. CWhether the patient is taking the medicines as prescribed
4. DWhether a fourth drug can be added at today's appointment