Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is haemoptysis?

1. ABlood in the urine
2. BCoughing up blood from the lungs or airways
3. CBleeding from the nose that runs into the throat
4. DVomiting blood that comes from the stomach

Seorang pasien gagal jantung mengatakan ia membutuhkan tiga bantal agar dapat bernapas nyaman pada malam hari. Apa nama gejala ini?

1. ABradipnea
2. BHemoptisis
3. COrtopnea
4. DTakipnea

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

1. AThe left ventricle
2. BThe right ventricle
3. CThe right atrium
4. DThe left atrium

Which side effect is particularly common with verapamil?

1. ADiarrhoea
2. BHair loss
3. CDry cough
4. DConstipation

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. AHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
2. BBelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
3. CNormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h
4. DNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass IV
2. BClass I
3. CClass III
4. DClass II

A nurse looked after a patient for a shift before smear-positive pulmonary TB was diagnosed, without wearing a respirator. What should happen?

1. AStart a full six-month course of TB drugs at once without any tests
2. BTake no action, as healthcare workers are immune to TB
3. CStay off work for six months in case symptoms develop
4. DReport it so occupational health can arrange follow-up screening

An older patient with three rib fractures is breathing shallowly and refuses to cough because of pain. What is the priority intervention?

1. AStrap the chest tightly with bandages to stop the ribs moving
2. BWithhold analgesia to avoid depressing breathing
3. CEffective analgesia so they can breathe deeply and cough
4. DKeep the patient flat and still in bed until the pain settles