Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

In pericarditis, which structure is inflamed?

1. AThe heart muscle itself
2. BThe inner lining of the heart chambers
3. CThe coronary arteries
4. DThe sac that surrounds the heart

What is Cheyne–Stokes breathing?

1. ABreathing only through pursed lips
2. BA harsh, high-pitched sound on breathing in through the throat
3. CCycles of deeper then shallower breaths followed by a pause
4. DConstant deep, fast breathing that never changes in depth

What is the main cause of varicose veins?

1. AFaulty valves in the superficial leg veins
2. BNarrowing of the leg arteries by plaque
3. CInflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin
4. DA clot blocking a deep vein in the calf

A patient has chest pain at rest in the early morning with brief ST elevation that resolves. Coronary arteries are later found to be clear. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute pericarditis
2. BStable exertional angina from a fixed plaque
3. CVasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina
4. DAortic stenosis

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery
2. BThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
3. CThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle
4. DThey reduce cholesterol in the blood

After an acute coronary syndrome, a patient with a normal cholesterol level is prescribed a high-intensity statin. Why?

1. AStatins are given after an ACS mainly to lower the blood pressure
2. BStatins work as painkillers for chest pain
3. CStatins reduce further events whatever the starting cholesterol
4. DStatins are needed only if the cholesterol level is very high

A patient with pneumonia has a heart rate of 118/min, BP 86/50 mmHg, RR 28/min and a high lactate. Sepsis is recognised. Which action should not be delayed?

1. ATake blood cultures and give IV antibiotics within the first hour
2. BGive oral antibiotics and reassess the next day
3. CWait for the sputum culture result before choosing an antibiotic
4. DDelay fluids until a chest X-ray has been reported

Four hours after cardiac surgery, the mediastinal drain, which had been draining steadily, suddenly stops. BP falls to 84/60 mmHg, the heart rate rises and the CVP climbs. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ACardiac tamponade from a clotted drain
2. BA tension pneumothorax on the left side
3. CNormal recovery, as the bleeding has stopped
4. DFluid overload from intravenous fluids