Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the aorta?

1. AThe left ventricle
2. BThe left atrium
3. CThe right ventricle
4. DThe right atrium

Which test is used to screen for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

1. AAn abdominal ultrasound scan
2. BA plain chest X-ray
3. CA resting 12-lead ECG
4. DA peak expiratory flow test

What does the term "apnoea" mean?

1. ABreathlessness on lying flat
2. BA pause or stop in breathing
3. CA breathing rate above normal
4. DCoughing up blood

When should an adult with cystic fibrosis take pancreatic enzyme capsules?

1. AOnly at bedtime
2. BOnly when they have diarrhoea
3. COnce a day on waking, at least an hour before any food
4. DWith all meals and snacks that contain fat

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass II
2. BClass I
3. CClass IV
4. DClass III

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ANormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h
2. BHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
3. CBelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
4. DNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring

A frightened young woman is breathing fast and has tingling fingers. Her blood gas shows pH 7,50 and a low PaCO₂. SpO₂ is 99% on air. What does this show?

1. ARespiratory acidosis from hypoventilation
2. BMetabolic alkalosis from vomiting
3. CMetabolic acidosis from kidney failure
4. DRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation

The monitor of a patient with a permanent pacemaker shows pacing spikes, but none of them is followed by a QRS complex. What does this mean?

1. AFailure to capture
2. BAtrial fibrillation
3. CFailure to sense
4. DNormal pacemaker function