Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

When is pneumonia classed as hospital-acquired?

1. AOnly when it is caused by a virus
2. BWhen it starts within the first hour after admission
3. CWhen the patient had symptoms before admission
4. DWhen it starts 48 hours or more after admission

How is cardiac output calculated?

1. ASystolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
2. BHeart rate multiplied by stroke volume
3. CStroke volume divided by heart rate
4. DMean arterial pressure multiplied by heart rate

Which examination findings are typical of a large pleural effusion?

1. ACoarse crackles that clear on coughing
2. BHyper-resonance and a loud wheeze over the affected side
3. CDullness to percussion and reduced breath sounds
4. DNormal percussion and bronchial breathing

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. AMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation
2. BMechanical valves wear out within one year
3. CBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
4. DBoth types need no medicines after surgery

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
2. BAvoid all potassium-containing foods
3. CStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
4. DTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur

A patient's capillary refill time at the fingertip is 4 seconds. What does this suggest?

1. ANormal peripheral perfusion
2. BReduced peripheral perfusion
3. CA high haemoglobin level
4. DAn unusually strong cardiac output

A patient with crushing chest pain has ST elevation in leads V1–V4. Which coronary artery is most likely blocked?

1. AThe left anterior descending artery
2. BThe circumflex artery
3. CThe right coronary artery and its branches
4. DThe left subclavian artery

A ventilated patient with severe ARDS is to be turned prone. What is the main reason, and the key nursing risk?

1. AIt improves oxygenation; risks are pressure injury and tube displacement
2. BIt lowers the blood pressure; the main risk is rebound hypertension
3. CIt improves digestion and gut motility; the main risk is constipation
4. DIt treats infection; the risk is fever