Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is the approximate tidal volume of a resting adult?

1. AAbout 500 mL
2. BAbout 50 mL
3. CAbout 1,5 litres
4. DAbout 5 litres

Which three symptoms are classic in severe aortic stenosis?

1. AWheeze, cough and clear sputum
2. BExertional chest pain, fainting and breathlessness
3. CFever, painful swollen joints and a spreading skin rash
4. DCalf pain, leg swelling and redness of one leg

Which muscle does most of the work of quiet breathing?

1. AThe abdominal muscles
2. BThe trapezius
3. CThe diaphragm
4. DThe sternocleidomastoid

Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?

1. ASupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
2. BStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time
3. CWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless
4. DComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
2. BExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
3. CAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
4. DTake an extra dose if the ankles swell

What is the main problem in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction?

1. AA blocked pulmonary artery
2. BA leaking aortic valve
3. CA stiff ventricle that fills poorly in diastole
4. DA dilated ventricle that cannot contract strongly

A patient with stable severe COPD has a blood gas showing pH 7,37, a raised PaCO₂ and a raised bicarbonate. How should this be interpreted?

1. AChronic respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
2. BAcute respiratory acidosis needing emergency intubation
3. CRespiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
4. DA normal blood gas with no abnormality

A hypotensive patient has a temperature of 39,2 °C, warm flushed skin, a bounding pulse and a fast heart rate. Which type of shock is most likely?

1. ACardiogenic shock
2. BEarly septic (distributive) shock
3. CObstructive shock from tamponade
4. DHypovolaemic shock from bleeding