Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasi dengan jawaban

What is haemoptysis?

1. ACoughing up blood from the lungs or airways
2. BBleeding from the nose that runs into the throat
3. CBlood in the urine
4. DVomiting blood that comes from the stomach

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BDissolved freely in the plasma water
3. CBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
4. DCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

What is the "calf muscle pump"?

1. AA device that inflates around the calf during surgery to warm the leg
2. BCalf muscles squeezing the deep veins to push blood towards the heart
3. CA heart valve that pumps blood into the legs
4. DThe artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the muscles of the calf

Virchow's triad describes three factors that promote venous thrombosis. Which patient factor represents venous stasis?

1. AAn inherited clotting disorder
2. BImmobility after major surgery
3. CDamage to a vein during hip surgery
4. DTaking an oestrogen-containing pill

Apa yang dimaksud dengan rehabilitasi paru pada PPOK?

1. AOperasi untuk mengangkat area paru yang paling rusak
2. BLatihan dan edukasi terawasi yang meredakan sesak napas
3. CTes fungsi paru yang diulang setiap enam bulan
4. DKursus steroid oral dan antibiotik yang diberikan di rumah setiap musim dingin

A patient uses a salbutamol (albuterol) inhaler and a steroid inhaler at the same times each day. Which order is usually taught?

1. ASteroid first, then salbutamol straight afterwards
2. BSalbutamol first, then the steroid after a short wait
3. CBoth inhalers puffed together in one breath
4. DThe order makes no difference to either drug

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient
2. BThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation
3. CToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration
4. DThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AIt is needed only while she has palpitations
2. BThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
3. CIt is given to lower her blood pressure
4. DHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it