Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Apa penyebab paling umum obstruksi usus halus pada orang dewasa di negara berpenghasilan tinggi?

1. ABenda asing yang tertelan
2. BKanker kolorektal
3. CBatu empedu yang tersangkut di leher kandung empedu
4. DPerlengketan (adhesi) akibat operasi sebelumnya

Dua penyebab mana yang menyumbang sebagian besar kasus pankreatitis akut?

1. ABatu empedu dan alkohol
2. BPilek virus dan stres
3. CSerat tinggi dan dehidrasi
4. DMerokok dan obesitas

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
2. BIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen
3. CIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs
4. DIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues

Kelainan elektrolit mana yang dapat berkontribusi pada ileus pascaoperasi?

1. AHiperkalemia
2. BHiperfosfatemia
3. CHipokalemia
4. DHipernatremia

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. ADry, healing skin with mild itching
2. BA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration
3. CLess exudate on each dressing change
4. DThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change

What is the most important safety point about misoprostol?

1. AIt must be given only by deep intramuscular injection
2. BIt can cause miscarriage and must not be used in pregnancy
3. CIt strongly raises blood glucose in people with diabetes
4. DIt causes severe constipation in most patients

Four patients from a house fire arrive in the emergency department. Which should the nurse assess first?

1. ARedness on the backs of both hands, and very anxious
2. BCircumferential chest burns, with breathing becoming shallow and laboured
3. CPartial-thickness burns to both legs, with pain rated 8/10
4. DA blistered forearm burn and a small cut on the knee

Selama resusitasi luka bakar, keluaran urine seorang dewasa 80 kg adalah 15 mL/jam selama 2 jam. Apa yang ditunjukkan hal ini?

1. AResusitasi kurang; laju cairan biasanya perlu dinaikkan
2. BKateter tersumbat yang cukup dilepas saja
3. CKelebihan cairan; semua cairan IV harus dihentikan sekarang
4. DKeluaran urine normal untuk pasien luka bakar