Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Mengapa pasien diminta berpuasa sebelum anestesi umum?

1. AAgar usus lebih mudah terlihat pada pemindaian
2. BUntuk menjaga kadar glukosa darah lebih tinggi dari biasanya
3. CUntuk mengurangi perdarahan selama operasi
4. DUntuk mengurangi risiko aspirasi isi lambung

What is the main serious risk of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose?

1. AStomach bleeding
2. BHearing loss
3. CLiver damage
4. DRespiratory depression

In many adult guidelines, how long before an elective anaesthetic can clear fluids usually be drunk?

1. AUp to 12 hours before
2. BUp to 2 hours before
3. CUp to 10 minutes before
4. DUp to 24 hours before

Why might a patient's platelet count be monitored while they receive heparin?

1. ATo detect heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
2. BTo see whether the patient has an infection
3. CTo measure the heparin dose in the blood exactly
4. DTo check whether the heparin is causing anaemia

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
2. BTeaching the patient about high-output risks
3. CEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
4. DDeciding whether IV fluids are needed

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. ADo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy
2. BStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing
3. CGive the medicines but not the feed
4. DFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed

A colleague suggests giving a saline injection to see whether a patient's pain is "real". What is the best response?

1. AIt should be done only for patients with chronic pain
2. BIt is acceptable if a senior nurse gives the saline
3. CIt is a good idea, as long as the patient is not told about it afterwards
4. DDeceptive placebos are unethical and do not show pain is "fake"

A patient with a PICC line develops swelling and aching of the same arm and prominent veins on the chest. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA catheter-related deep vein thrombosis
2. BNormal swelling after line insertion
3. CAn allergy to the dressing
4. DLymphoedema from a previous operation