Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
2. BGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
3. CStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
4. DAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly

Apa yang dimaksud dengan nyeri terobosan (breakthrough pain)?

1. ALonjakan nyeri meskipun sudah mendapat analgesik latar belakang teratur
2. BNyeri yang telah hilang sepenuhnya dengan pengobatan teratur
3. CNyeri yang hanya disebabkan oleh alergi terhadap analgesik
4. DNyeri yang hanya dirasakan selama operasi

How should a patient be positioned during enteral tube feeding?

1. AWith the head of the bed raised to at least 30–45°
2. BLying completely flat on the back with one pillow
3. CLying on the stomach with the head turned to one side
4. DWith the head lower than the feet

Which measure helps reduce the risk of delirium in an older surgical patient?

1. AMaking sure they have their glasses and hearing aids
2. BKeeping the room dark during the day
3. CMoving them to a new bed space each night to reduce boredom
4. DGiving a sleeping tablet every night

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AStop eating fibre completely
2. BWait until there has been no stool for a week
3. CStart a regular laxative at the same time
4. DTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water

Which change suggests that a burn wound is becoming infected?

1. ADry, healing skin with mild itching
2. BA partial-thickness burn becoming deeper, with new discolouration
3. CThe wound becoming pink and a little smaller at each dressing change
4. DLess exudate on each dressing change

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has a falling urine output and a rising creatinine. They have not received nephrotoxic drugs and are not dehydrated. Which complication is likely?

1. AHepatorenal syndrome
2. BUrinary tract infection
3. CPolycystic kidney disease
4. DNephrotic syndrome

Sepuluh hari setelah kemoterapi, seorang pasien bersuhu 37,6 °C tetapi merasa menggigil dan tidak sehat, dengan nadi 112/menit dan TD 95/60 mmHg. Tindakan yang benar apa?

1. AMenunggu jumlah neutrofil sebelum memutuskan pengobatan apa pun
2. BMenenangkan pasien, karena suhu masih di bawah 38 °C
3. CTangani sebagai kemungkinan sepsis neutropenik: antibiotik IV dalam satu jam
4. DMemberikan parasetamol dan memeriksa suhu lagi dalam empat jam