Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Which is the single largest preventable risk factor for cancer?

1. ADrinking tap water
2. BUsing mobile phones
3. CTobacco smoking
4. DWearing synthetic clothing

How is the length of a nasogastric tube usually estimated before insertion?

1. AAny length, as long as the whole tube is inserted
2. BFrom the chin to the umbilicus in a straight line
3. CFrom the mouth to the knee on the same side of the body
4. DFrom the nose tip to the earlobe, then to the xiphisternum

Why does a low serum albumin contribute to oedema?

1. AIt lowers oncotic pressure, so fluid leaks into tissues
2. BIt raises blood pressure and pushes fluid into the kidneys
3. CIt blocks the lymph vessels in the abdomen
4. DIt causes the heart to pump more blood into the legs

Why are antibody levels checked after a healthcare worker receives the hepatitis B vaccine?

1. ATo confirm that the vaccine produced immunity
2. BTo measure liver damage caused by the vaccine
3. CTo decide whether they need a liver biopsy
4. DTo check whether they caught hepatitis B from the vaccine

Which risk is particularly linked with tramadol?

1. ASerotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
2. BSevere stomach ulcers in all patients
3. CRapid liver failure at normal doses
4. DHigh blood pressure that needs emergency treatment in most patients

How does sucralfate help a peptic ulcer heal?

1. AIt blocks histamine receptors on parietal cells
2. BIt speeds up emptying of the stomach
3. CIt kills H. pylori in the stomach lining
4. DIt forms a protective coating over the ulcer base

A nurse teaches a patient with a new ileostomy. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll report if my output becomes very watery and high."
2. B"I'll drink less so my bag fills more slowly."
3. C"I'll chew my food well to avoid blockages."
4. D"I'll watch for dizziness and dark urine."

A patient with a sacral pressure ulcer keeps sliding down the bed when the head is raised high. Which advice best reduces shear?

1. AUse a dry sheet and drag the patient up the bed
2. BRaise the head of the bed to 90° and pull the patient up the bed by the arms
3. CKeep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets
4. DSit the patient upright without any support for the feet