Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

What is a Hartmann's procedure?

1. ARemoval of the gallbladder through several small abdominal incisions
2. BRemoval of part of the colon with an end colostomy and rectal stump
3. CJoining the stomach directly to the small bowel
4. DPlacing a stent in the bile duct

Which drug is commonly used to prevent or treat postoperative nausea and vomiting?

1. AAtorvastatin
2. BFurosemide
3. COndansetron
4. DAmlodipine

What is brachytherapy?

1. ARadiotherapy from a sealed source placed in or next to the tumour
2. BRadiotherapy given by a machine from outside the body
3. CSurgery to remove a tumour through a small incision
4. DChemotherapy given slowly into a vein over several hours each day

After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?

1. APupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day
2. BReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
3. CPeak flow before and after each meal
4. DBlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AWait until there has been no stool for a week
2. BStart a regular laxative at the same time
3. CTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water
4. DStop eating fibre completely

Apa tanda paling awal hipertermia maligna selama anestesi?

1. APenurunan suhu tubuh yang stabil
2. BKulit memerah dengan kadar CO₂ yang menurun
3. CKenaikan CO₂ akhir ekspirasi yang tidak dapat dijelaskan
4. DDenyut jantung melambat dan tekanan darah rendah

After signing the consent form, a patient tells the nurse, "I don't really understand what they are going to do." What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore the comment because the form is already signed
2. BInform the surgeon so that the procedure can be explained again
3. CReassure the patient that the surgeon knows best
4. DExplain the surgical risks in detail without involving the surgeon

During radiotherapy to the chest, a patient develops pain on swallowing and is eating less. What is the most likely cause and nursing focus?

1. ARadiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support
2. BA heart attack; give aspirin and arrange an ECG
3. CA stomach ulcer; give an antacid after meals only
4. DNormal ageing; no action needed