Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

What is portal hypertension?

1. AHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
2. BHigh pressure inside the skull
3. CRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
4. DRaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure

Why are patients advised to stop smoking before surgery?

1. AIt stops patients from feeling hungry while fasting
2. BIt is needed so that consent forms are valid
3. CIt lowers the risk of chest and wound complications
4. DIt makes the anaesthetic work for a shorter time

Which finding describes a category 1 pressure ulcer?

1. AA wound covered with thick black eschar
2. BAn open wound with visible bone at the base
3. CA shallow open wound with a red-pink base and no slough
4. DIntact skin with redness that does not blanch

Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?

1. ABecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
2. BBecause their surgery always takes longer than others
3. CBecause they need to go home before midday
4. DTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose

Seorang pasien perdarahan saluran cerna atas akut memiliki hemoglobin normal saat tiba. Mengapa hal ini dapat menyesatkan?

1. AHemoglobin selalu naik pada awalnya setelah kehilangan darah apa pun
2. BHemoglobin tidak terpengaruh oleh perdarahan dari usus
3. CHemoglobin baru turun setelah seminggu penuh perdarahan terus-menerus
4. DHemoglobin turun hanya setelah pergeseran cairan atau cairan IV mengencerkan darah

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. AThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
2. BLeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
3. CPatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days
4. DThe kidneys stop making urine completely

A patient admitted for an elective general anaesthetic mentions that they ate a slice of toast 3 hours ago. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a large drink to wash the food through
2. BSay nothing, since toast is a light food
3. CAsk the patient to try to vomit to empty the stomach
4. DInform the anaesthetist, as surgery may be delayed

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo rescue normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
2. BTo treat the patient's anaemia only
3. CTo prevent hair loss during treatment
4. DTo increase the anticancer effect on the tumour