Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

What is the main aim of palliative care?

1. ACuring the disease at any cost, whatever the side effects
2. BReplacing all other medical treatment
3. CImproving quality of life for people with serious illness
4. DOnly providing care in the last hour of life

Apa penyebab paling umum obstruksi usus halus pada orang dewasa di negara berpenghasilan tinggi?

1. ABatu empedu yang tersangkut di leher kandung empedu
2. BBenda asing yang tertelan
3. CKanker kolorektal
4. DPerlengketan (adhesi) akibat operasi sebelumnya

Which tool helps assess pain in a person with advanced dementia who cannot report it?

1. AAn observational scale such as PAINAD or Abbey
2. BThe Glasgow Coma Scale, scored every hour
3. CThe MUST nutrition score
4. DA numerical rating scale from 0 to 10, read out slowly

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
2. BDeciding whether IV fluids are needed
3. CAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
4. DTeaching the patient about high-output risks

Apa perbedaan klinis utama antara obstruksi usus halus dan usus besar?

1. AUsus halus: tidak ada muntah sama sekali; usus besar: muntah deras dini tanpa distensi
2. BUsus halus: muntah dini, distensi lebih sedikit; usus besar: muntah lebih lambat, distensi nyata
3. CTidak ada perbedaan klinis; hanya CT scan yang dapat membedakannya
4. DUsus halus: hanya distensi nyata; usus besar: tanpa nyeri, tanpa muntah, dan tanpa distensi sama sekali

Why is a gastrostomy tube with an internal bumper usually advanced and rotated regularly once the tract has healed?

1. ATo check that the patient is still hungry
2. BTo make the tube longer as the patient grows or gains weight
3. CTo stop the inner bumper becoming buried in the stomach wall
4. DTo remove any feed left in the stomach

Seorang pasien dengan epidural setelah operasi abdomen memiliki TD 82/48 mmHg, nadi 70/menit, dan kaki hangat. Perdarahan telah disingkirkan. Apa penyebab yang paling mungkin?

1. ASyok hipovolemik akibat kehilangan darah
2. BBlok simpatis dari epidural
3. CAnafilaksis terhadap anestesi lokal
4. DSyok kardiogenik setelah operasi

At the end of an operation, the final count shows one swab missing. What should happen?

1. ARecord the count as correct to avoid a delay
2. BTell the surgeon, search, and X-ray if it is not found
3. CClose the wound, as the swab was probably thrown away
4. DLet the patient leave and search the theatre later