Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawaban

Kapan kantong ostomi biasanya dikosongkan?

1. ASaat sepertiga hingga setengah penuh
2. BHanya bila sudah penuh sampai ke atas
3. CHanya bila mulai bocor
4. DSekali sehari, pada waktu yang sama

Where should a diathermy return electrode (plate) be placed?

1. AOver a metal joint replacement
2. BOn clean, dry skin over a well-perfused muscle
3. COver a bony area such as the hip bone
4. DOn skin covered with spirit-based prep that is still wet

Why is a temporary loop ileostomy often formed after a low bowel resection?

1. ATo let the patient eat without chewing
2. BTo remove the whole colon permanently in a single operation
3. CTo drain urine from the kidneys
4. DTo divert stool while the join further down heals

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. ADo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy
2. BGive the medicines but not the feed
3. CFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed
4. DStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing

A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?

1. ANo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient
2. BFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips
3. CLemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
4. DBrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly
2. BIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery
3. CIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe
4. DIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications

On the ward after surgery, a patient has a red, blistered area of skin under where the diathermy plate was. What should the nurse do?

1. AIgnore it because skin changes after surgery are normal and expected to fade
2. BApply a hot water bottle to improve the circulation
3. CWash it with alcohol and leave it uncovered
4. DTreat it as a possible burn, report it and complete an incident form

Pada hari ke-3 setelah luka bakar besar, pasien mulai mengeluarkan urine dalam volume besar. Masalah elektrolit mana yang harus diantisipasi perawat?

1. AHiperkalsemia, akibat tirah baring dan imobilisasi
2. BHipokalemia, saat cairan kembali ke sirkulasi
3. CHipernatremia, karena ginjal mulai menahan natrium
4. DHiperkalemia, karena kerusakan jaringan baru melepaskan kalium