Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect urine from the toilet bowl afterwards
2. BLet the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle
3. CCollect urine over 24 hours into one bottle
4. DCollect the very first drops into the container

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?

1. AA tumour of the adrenal medulla
2. BAn autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands
3. CLong-term use of glucocorticoid medicines
4. DA lack of ACTH from the pituitary gland

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA kidney stone passed the week before
2. BA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
3. CA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier
4. DAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning

Which side effects are common with oxybutynin for an overactive bladder?

1. AWeight loss and a fast tremor
2. BA cough and a raised potassium
3. CDiarrhoea and heavy sweating
4. DDry mouth and constipation

Why is IV calcium gluconate given in severe hyperkalaemia?

1. AIt moves potassium into the cells
2. BIt protects the heart from arrhythmias
3. CIt removes potassium through the kidneys
4. DIt binds potassium in the gut

A patient has Cushing's syndrome. Which nursing assessment is especially important?

1. AWatching for weight loss
2. BRegular blood glucose checks
3. CChecking for low blood pressure
4. DMonitoring for a high potassium

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38,2 °C (100,8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
2. BRecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
3. CSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
4. DGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before

Why might a frail 88-year-old with type 2 diabetes have a less strict HbA1c target?

1. ATo reduce the risk of hypos, falls and confusion
2. BBecause diabetes cannot damage older people
3. CTo save money on blood tests and drugs
4. DBecause older people cannot use any glucose medicines