Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

1. ACystine
2. BUric acid
3. CStruvite
4. DCalcium oxalate

Which hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets make?

1. AInsulin
2. BAmylase
3. CSomatostatin
4. DGlucagon

Which side effect is common when starting a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide?

1. AWeight gain
2. BHair growth
3. CA dry cough
4. DNausea

Mengapa metformin biasanya ditahan selama cedera ginjal akut atau di sekitar kontras beryodium pada pasien berisiko?

1. AMenghalangi kontras sehingga pemindaian tidak dapat dibaca
2. BMenyebabkan hipoglikemia berat bila diberikan bersama kontras
3. CDapat menumpuk dan meningkatkan risiko asidosis laktat
4. DMenyebabkan hiperkalemia saat ginjal cedera

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work
2. BShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
3. CHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
4. DThe vaccine lowers the potassium level

A patient with diabetic neuropathy has an ulcer on the ball of the foot. Which measure is most important for healing?

1. ASoaking the foot in hot water daily
2. BWalking more to improve blood flow
3. CCovering it and checking it in a month
4. DTaking pressure off the ulcer

A haemodialysis patient missed their last two sessions. They are breathless, with crackles, and the potassium is 6,9 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. ALarge IV fluid boluses to improve the circulation
2. BOral potassium supplements and rest
3. CUrgent dialysis, with cardiac monitoring meanwhile
4. DA routine dialysis session at the next planned slot

Seorang pasien memiliki fistula AV lengan kiri yang dibuat kemarin dan membutuhkan pemeriksaan darah rutin. Instruksi mana yang paling penting?

1. AMenggunakan tourniquet ketat pada lengan kiri untuk menemukan vena yang baik
2. BMembalut lengan kiri dengan ketat dalam perban untuk melindungi fistula
3. CMenggunakan lengan kanan; periksa sirkulasi dan getaran tangan kiri
4. DMengambil darah dari fistula, karena mudah ditemukan dan besar