Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which description best fits an absence seizure?

1. AA brief staring spell of a few seconds with a quick return to normal
2. BA sudden loss of muscle tone that makes the person fall
3. CJerking that starts in one hand and spreads up the arm
4. DStiffening and then jerking of all four limbs for several minutes

What does the term epilepsy mean?

1. AA tendency to have recurrent seizures that are not provoked
2. BA single seizure caused by a high fever
3. CA seizure caused only by low blood sugar
4. DAny brief loss of consciousness, such as fainting

Apa yang ditunjukkan berat jenis urine kepada perawat?

1. ASeberapa pekat urine
2. BBerapa banyak protein dalam urine
3. CBerapa banyak glukosa dalam darah
4. DApakah urine mengandung bakteri

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. AStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
2. BDouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
3. CPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake
4. DKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness

After pressing the plunger of an insulin pen, what should the patient do?

1. AKeep the needle in the skin for about 10 seconds
2. BLeave the needle on the pen for the next injection
3. CPull the needle out at once and rub the site firmly
4. DInject a second dose straight away to be sure

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe kidneys are losing too much protein
2. BThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid
3. CBacteria that convert nitrate are present
4. DThe urine has a lot of glucose in it

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38,2 °C (100,8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
2. BEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
3. CSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
4. DGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before

A patient on carbamazepine is admitted confused, with a sodium of 121 mmol/L. Which explanation is most likely?

1. AThe low sodium proves the patient has stopped taking the drug
2. BCarbamazepine causes salt loss through severe diarrhoea
3. CCarbamazepine can cause hyponatraemia through an SIADH-like effect
4. DConfusion is a normal, expected effect of carbamazepine and is unrelated to sodium